matchとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English macche, mecche, from 古期英語 mæċċa, ġemæċċa (“companion, mate, wife, one suited to another”), from Proto-West Germanic *makkjō, *gamakkjō (“partner, equal”), from Proto-Germanic *makô, from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“to knead, work”). Compare Danish mage (“mate”), Icelandic maki (“spouse”).

名詞

match (複数形 matches)

1. (sports) A competitive sporting event such as a boxing meet, a baseball game, or a cricket match.

   My local team are playing in a match against their arch-rivals today.

2. Any contest or trial of strength or skill, or to determine superiority.
   • 1596, Michael Drayton, Mortimeriados:

     many a warlike match

   • 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the page)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     A solemn match was made; he lost the prize.

   • 1886, Hiong Seng Lim, Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular, Singapore: Koh Yew Hean Press:

     Can you play billiards?
     Yes, do you wish to have a match with me?
     Let us simply play (a game) for pleasure. We needn't have a match, as I don't like to gamble.

3. Someone with a measure of an attribute equaling or exceeding the object of comparison.

   He knew he had met his match.

   • 1716 February 10 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 12. Monday, January 30. [1716.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

     Government […] makes an innocent man, though of the lowest rank, a match for the mightiest of his fellow subjects.

   • 1991, Boys' Life‎^[1], volume 81, number 4:

     Dean Ippolito looks like an ordinary kid. But at chess, he is a knight of battle. Most adults are no match for him.

4. A marriage.
5. A candidate for matrimony; one to be gained in marriage.
   • 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:

     She […] was looked upon as the richest match of the West.

6. Suitability.
7. Equivalence; a state of correspondence.
   • 2019 October 23, Pip Dunn, “The next king of Scotland”, in Rail, page 51:

     The seat to window match is excellent and there are half-size partition screens between bays.

8. Equality of conditions in contest or competition.
   • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:

     It were no match, your nail against his horn.

9. A pair of items or entities with mutually suitable characteristics.

   The carpet and curtains are a match.

   a match made in heaven

10. An agreement or compact.
    • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:

      Thy hand upon that match.

    • 1648, Robert Boyle, Seraphic Love, published 1660:

      Love doth seldom suffer itself to be confined by other matches than those of its own making.

11. (metalworking) A perforated board, block of plaster, hardened sand, etc., in which a pattern is partly embedded when a mould is made, for giving shape to the surfaces of separation between the parts of the mould.

派生語

派生した語

参考

• competition
• game
• set
• tournament

語源 2

From Middle English macchen (“to marry; be paired with”), from the noun (see above).

動詞

match (三人称単数 現在形 matches, 現在分詞 matching, 過去形および過去分詞形 matched)

1. (intransitive) To agree; to be equal; to correspond.

   Their interests didn't match, so it took a long time to agree what to do together.

   These two copies are supposed to be identical, but they don't match.

   • 2021 June 30, Philip Haigh, “Regional trains squeezed as ECML congestion heads north”, in RAIL, number 934, page 52:

     I'll be interested to see how this service does. It will be basic with fares to match, so will be akin to a budget airline taking on a flag-carrier.

2. (transitive) To agree with; to be equal to; to correspond to.

   His interests didn't match her interests.

   • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:

     There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

   • 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:

     Soon after the arrival of Mrs. Campbell, dinner was announced by Abboye. He came into the drawing room resplendent in his gold-and-white turban. […] His cummerbund matched the turban in gold lines.

3. (transitive) To make a successful match or pairing.

   They found out about his color-blindness when he couldn't match socks properly.

   • 2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 71:

     Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.

4. (transitive) To equal or exceed in achievement.

   She matched him at every turn: anything he could do, she could do as well or better.

5. (obsolete) To unite in marriage, to mate.
   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     […] Adam's sons are my brethren; and truly, I hold it a sin to match in my kindred.

   • 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene v, page 1:

     A senator of Rome survived,
     Would not have matched his daughter with a king.

6. To fit together, or make suitable for fitting together; specifically, to furnish with a tongue and groove at the edges.

   to match boards

7. (transitive, programming) To be an example of a rule or regex.

   The behavior matched one or more rules and was rejected by an edit filter.

派生語

参考

• mate

語源 3

From Middle English macche, mecche (“wick (of a candle)”), from Old French mesche, meische, from Vulgar Latin micca (compare Catalan metxa, Spanish mecha, Italian miccia), which in turn is probably from Latin myxa (“nozzle, curved part of a lamp”), from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “lamp wick”).

名詞

match (複数形 matches)

2. A device made of wood or paper, at the tip coated with chemicals that ignite with the friction of being dragged (struck) against a rough dry surface.

   Synonym: (廃れた用法) spunk

   He struck a match and lit his cigarette.

派生語

派生した語

• → Bengali: ম্যাচ (mêc)
• → Hindi: माचिस (mācis)
• → Irish: meaits
• → Japanese: マッチ (matchi)
• → Jersey Dutch: match
• → Malay: macis, mancis
• → Pashto: ماچس‎ (māčás)
• → Urdu: ماچس‎ (mācis)
• → Welsh: matsis

参考

• fire, lighter, cigarette lighter
• strike (to strike a match)