winとは

語源 1

From Middle English winnen, from 古期英語 winnan (“to labour, swink, toil, trouble oneself; resist, oppose, contradict; fight, strive, struggle, rage; endure”) (compare 古期英語 ġewinnan (“conquer, obtain, gain; endure, bear, suffer; be ill”)), from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to swink, labour, win, gain, fight”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, wish, desire, love”). Cognate with Low German winnen, Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, Norwegian Bokmål vinne, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish vinna.

動詞

win (三人称単数 現在形 wins, 現在分詞 winning, 過去形および過去分詞形 won)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To conquer, defeat.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book IV:

     For and we doo bataille we two wyl fyghte with one knyȝt at ones / and therfore yf ye wille fyghte soo we wille be redy at what houre ye wille assigne / And yf ye wynne vs in bataille the lady shal haue her landes ageyne / ye say wel sayd sir Vwayne / therfor make yow redy so that ye be here to morne in the defence of the ladyes ryght

   • 1998, Rhapsody, Emerald Sword

     For the glory, the power to win the Black Lord, I will search for the Emerald Sword.

2. (transitive, intransitive) To reach some destination or object, despite difficulty or toil (now usually 自動詞, with preposition または locative adverb).
   • "Baron of Brackley," traditional folk song

     I well may gang out, love, but I'll never win home.

   • 1922, Everard Wyrall, "The History of the Second Division 1914-1918"

     As this position was vulnerable, a trench was immediately begun from the junction of the Green Line with Lager Alley, back to the old British front line, in order to form a defensive flank for the protection of the troops of the 5th Infantry Brigade who had won through to their objective.

   • 1953, John Craig, "The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948"

     Parson Brooke was transferred in a couple of years to the Southwark mint, on dissolution of which he won back to the Tower, there to experiment with machinery in Mary's reign.

   • Edmund Spenser (c.1552–1599)

     Even in the porch he him did win.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Sir Walter Scott

     And when the stony path began, / By which the naked peak they won, / Up flew the snowy ptarmigan.

3. (transitive) To triumph or achieve victory in (a game, a war, etc.).
4. (transitive) To gain (a prize) by succeeding in competition or contest.

   to win the jackpot in a lottery;  to win a bottle of wine in a raffle

5. (transitive) To obtain (someone) by wooing; to make an ally or friend of (frequently with over).
   • 1589, Sir Philip Sidney, The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia

     Thy virtue won me; with virtue preserve me.

   • 1591', William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, Act V, Scene 3

     She is a woman; therefore to be won.

   • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 14:

     Mr. Weston seems an excellent creature—quite a first-rate favourite with me already, I assure you. And she appears so truly good—there is something so motherly and kind-hearted about her, that it wins upon one directly.

6. (intransitive) To achieve victory.

   Who would win in a fight between an octopus and a dolphin?

7. (transitive) To obtain (something desired).

   The company hopes to win an order from the government worth over 5 million dollars.

8. (transitive) To cause a victory for someone.

   The success of the economic policies should win Mr. Smith the next elections.

   The policy success should win the elections for Mr. Smith.

9. (transitive, mining) To extract (ore, coal, etc.).

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Raymond to this entry?)

Conjugation

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English winn, winne, from 古期英語 winn (“toil, labor, trouble, hardship; profit, gain; conflict, strife, war”), from Proto-Germanic *winną (“labour, struggle, fight”), from Proto-Indo-European *wen- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Cognate with German Gewinn (“profit, gain”), Dutch gewin (“profit, gain”).

名詞

win (複数形 wins)

1. An individual victory.

   Antonym: loss

   Our first win of the season put us in high spirits.

   • 2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3 - 1 Shamrock Rovers”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Giovani dos Santos smashed home a third five minutes later to wrap up the win.

2. (slang) A feat carried out successfully; a victorious achievement.

   Antonym: fail

3. (obsolete) Gain; profit; income.
4. (obsolete) Wealth; goods owned.

派生語

語源 3

From Middle English winne, wunne, from 古期英語 wynn (“joy, rapture, pleasure, delight, gladness”), from Proto-Germanic *wunjō (“joy, delight, pleasure, lust”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, wish, desire, love”). Cognate with German Wonne (“bliss, joy, delight”), archaic Dutch wonne (“joy”), Danish ynde (“grace”), Icelandic yndi (“delight”).

名詞

win (複数形 wins)

1. (Scotland) Pleasure; joy; delight.

派生語

• worldly win

語源 4

From wind.

動詞

win

1. (transitive, Scotland) To dry by exposure to the wind.

別の表記

• ƿin

語源

From Proto-Germanic *wīną from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Indo-European *wóih₁nom.

発音

• IPA^(key): /wiːn/

名詞

wīn n

1. wine

語形変化

派生語

• æppelwīn
• wīntrēow

派生した語

• Middle English: wyn, wine, wyne
  • English: wine (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: wyne