winとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English winnen, from 古期英語 winnan (“to labour, swink, toil, trouble oneself; resist, oppose, contradict; fight, strive, struggle, rage; endure”) (compare 古期英語 ġewinnan (“conquer, obtain, gain; endure, bear, suffer; be ill”)), from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to swink, labour, win, gain, fight”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, wish, desire, love”). Cognate with Low German winnen, Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, Norwegian Bokmål vinne, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish vinna.

動詞

win (third-person singular simple present wins, present participle winning, simple past won or (廃れた用法) wan, past participle won)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To conquer, defeat.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book IV:

     For and we doo bataille we two wyl fyghte with one knyȝt at ones
     and therfore yf ye wille fyghte ſoo we wille be redy at what houre ye wille aſſigne
     And yf ye wynne vs in bataille the lady ſhal haue her landes ageyne
     ye ſay wel ſayd ſir Vwayne
     therfor make yow redy ſo that ye be here to morne in the defence of the ladyes ryght

   • 1998, Rhapsody, Emerald Sword:

     For the glory, the power to win the Black Lord, I will search for the Emerald Sword.

2. (transitive, intransitive) To reach some destination or object, despite difficulty or toil (now usually 自動詞, with preposition または locative adverb).
   • c. 17th century, unknown author, The Baron of Brackley (traditional folk song)

     I well may gang out, love, but I'll never win home.

   • 1922, Everard Wyrall, The History of the Second Division 1914-1918:

     As this position was vulnerable, a trench was immediately begun from the junction of the Green Line with Lager Alley, back to the old British front line, in order to form a defensive flank for the protection of the troops of the 5th Infantry Brigade who had won through to their objective.

   • 1953, John Craig, The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948:

     Parson Brooke was transferred in a couple of years to the Southwark mint, on dissolution of which he won back to the Tower, there to experiment with machinery in Mary's reign.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 23:

     That euen in the Porch he him did win,
     And cleft his head aſunder to his chin

   • 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction または canto number, または chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […] and London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC:

     And when the stony path began,
     By which the naked peak they won,
     Up flew the snowy ptarmigan.

   • 1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London, Paris: Cassell & Company, Limited., published 1886, →OCLC:

     “Has he nae friends?” said she, in a tearful voice.
     “That has he so!” cried Alan, “if we could but win to them!—friends and rich friends, beds to lie in, food to eat, doctors to see to him—and here he must tramp in the dubs and sleep in the heather like a beggarman.”

3. (transitive) To triumph or achieve victory in (a game, a war, etc.).
4. (transitive) To gain (a prize) by succeeding in competition or contest.

   to win the jackpot in a lottery;  to win a bottle of wine in a raffle

5. (transitive) To obtain (someone) by wooing; to make an ally or friend of (frequently with over).
   • a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the page number)”, in Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio, editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC; republished in Albert Feuillerat, editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC:

     Thy virtue won me; with virtue preserve me.

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

     She is a woman; therefore to be won.

   • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 14:

     Mr. Weston seems an excellent creature—quite a first-rate favourite with me already, I assure you. And she appears so truly good—there is something so motherly and kind-hearted about her, that it wins upon one directly.

6. (intransitive) To achieve victory.

   Who would win in a fight between an octopus and a dolphin?

7. (intransitive) To have power, coercion or control.

   Ever since the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, Bostonians now run as "One Boston." The terrorists did not win.

8. (transitive) To obtain (something desired).

   The company hopes to win an order from the government worth over 5 million dollars.

9. (transitive) To cause a victory for someone.

   The success of the economic policies should win Mr. Smith the next elections.

   The policy success should win the elections for Mr. Smith.

10. (transitive, mining) To extract (ore, coal, etc.)^[1].
11. (transitive, informal) To defeat or surpass someone or something.

Conjugation

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English winn, winne, from 古期英語 winn (“toil, labor, trouble, hardship; profit, gain; conflict, strife, war”), from Proto-Germanic *winną (“labour, struggle, fight”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Cognate with German Gewinn (“profit, gain”), Dutch gewin (“profit, gain”).

名詞

win (複数形 wins)

1. An individual victory.

   Antonym: loss

   Our first win of the season put us in high spirits.

   • 2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3 - 1 Shamrock Rovers”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Giovani dos Santos smashed home a third five minutes later to wrap up the win.

2. (slang) A feat carried out successfully; a victorious achievement.

   Antonym: fail

3. (obsolete) Gain; profit; income.
4. (obsolete) Wealth; goods owned.

派生語

語源 3

From Middle English wynne, winne, wunne, from 古期英語 wynn (“joy, rapture, pleasure, delight, gladness”), from Proto-West Germanic *wunnju, from Proto-Germanic *wunjō (“joy, delight, pleasure, lust”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, wish, desire, love”).

Cognate with German Wonne (“bliss, joy, delight”), archaic Dutch wonne (“joy”), Danish ynde (“grace”), Icelandic yndi (“delight”).

名詞

win

1. (Scotland) Pleasure; joy; delight.

派生語

• worldly win

語源 4

From wind.

動詞

win

1. (transitive, Scotland) To dry by exposure to the wind.

参照

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *wīn from Latin vīnum.

発音

• IPA^(key): /wiːn/

名詞

wīn n

1. wine
   • c. 810, charter of Christ Church Canterbury, Cotton Augustus II, 79, f1r:

     ...selle mon... mittan fulne huniges oðða tuegen uuines...

語形変化

派生語

• æppelwīn
• wīntrēow

派生した語

• Middle English: wyn, win, wine, wyne, wijn, vine, vyn, vyne, wyen, weyn, wynne
  • English: wine (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: wyne