yieldとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English yielden, yelden, ȝelden (“to yield, pay”), from 古期英語 ġieldan (“to pay”), from Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognate with Scots yield (“to yield”), North Frisian jilden (“to pay”), Saterland Frisian Saterland Frisian jäilde (“to be valid; matter; count; be worth”), West Frisian jilde (“to pay”), Low German Low German gellen, Dutch gelden (“to apply, count, be valued, be regarded”), German gelten (“to apply, count, be valued, be regarded”), Icelandic gjalda (“to pay, yield, give”).

動詞

yield (third-person singular simple present yields, present participle yielding, simple past yielded or (廃れた用法) yold, past participle yielded or (廃れた用法) yolden)

1. (obsolete) To pay, give in payment; repay, recompense; reward; requite.
   • c. 1598–1600, William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iv]:

     God 'ild [yield] you, sir!

   • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, / And the gods yield you for 't.

   • (Can we date this quote by Beaumont かつ Fletcher かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     God yield thee, and God thank ye.

   • (Can we date this quote by Alfred Tennyson かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?), "Gareth and Lynette"

     The good mother holds me still a child! Good mother is bad mother unto me! A worse were better; yet no worse would I. Heaven yield her for it!

2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book 5”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […] [a]nd by Robert Boulter […] [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: The Text Exactly Reproduced from the First Edition of 1667: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     Vines yield nectar.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Job 24:5:

     The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children.

3. To give way; to allow another to pass first.

   Yield the right of way to pedestrians.

4. To give as required; to surrender, relinquish or capitulate.

   They refuse to yield to the enemy.

   • 1591, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:

     I'll make him yield the crown.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book 11”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […] [a]nd by Robert Boulter […] [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: The Text Exactly Reproduced from the First Edition of 1667: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame.

5. To give, or give forth, (anything).
   • c. 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act I scene ii^[1]:

     […] We'll visit Caliban, my slave, who never / Yields us kind answer.

6. (intransitive) To give way; to succumb to a force.
   • 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, chapter 21:

     He turned the handle as he spoke, but the door did not yield. We threw ourselves against it. With a crash it burst open, and we almost fell headlong into the room.

7. To produce as return, as from an investment.

   Historically, that security yields a high return.

8. (mathematics) To produce as a result.

   Adding 3 and 4 yields a result of 7.

9. (linguistics) To produce a particular sound as the result of a sound law.

   Indo-European p- yields Germanic f-.

10. (engineering, materials science, of a material specimen) To pass the material's yield point and undergo plastic deformation.
11. (まれに) To admit to be true; to concede; to allow.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book 11”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […] [a]nd by Robert Boulter […] [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: The Text Exactly Reproduced from the First Edition of 1667: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

      I yield it just, said Adam, and submit.

同意語

• submit - To fully surrender
• capitulate - To end all resistance, may imply a compensation with an enemy or to end all resistance because of loss of hope
• succumb - To fully surrender, because of helplessness and extreme weakness, to the leader of an opposing force
• relent - A yielding because of pity or mercy
• defer - A voluntary submitting out of respect, reverence or affection
• give way - To succumb to persistent persuasion.
• surrender - To give up into the power, control, or possession of another
• cede - To give up, give way, give away
• give up - To surrender
• produce - To make (a thing) available to a person, an authority, etc.
• bear - To produce something, such as fruit or crops
• supply - To provide (something), to make (something) available for use
• give in
• to trade away - to let others get hold of a property or right of yours.

語源 2

From Middle English ȝeld, from 古期英語 ġield, from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Compare West Frisian jild, Dutch geld, Low German and German Geld, Danish gjæld, Swedish gäld, Icelandic gjald. See also geld.

名詞

yield (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 yields)

1. (obsolete) Payment; tribute.
2. A product; the quantity of something produced.

   Zucchini plants always seem to produce a high yield of fruit.

3. (law) The current return as a percentage of the price of a stock or bond.
   • 2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68:

     Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

4. (finance) Profit earned from an investment; return on investment.

同意語

• crop
• fruits
• gain
• harvest
• produce
• return

派生語

関連する語

アナグラム

• Leidy, ylide