cropとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English crop, croppe, from 古期英語 crop, cropp, croppa (“the head または top of a plant, a sprout または herb, a bunch または cluster of flowers, an ear of corn, the craw of a bird, a kidney”), from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body, trunk, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to warp, bend, crawl”). Cognate with Dutch krop (“crop”), German Low German Kropp (“a swelling on the neck, the craw, maw”), German Kropf (“the craw, ear of grain, head of lettuce または cabbage”), Swedish kropp (“body, trunk”), Icelandic kroppur (“a hunch on the body”). Related to crap, doublet of group and croup.

名詞

crop (複数形 crops)

1. (agriculture) A plant, especially a cereal, grown to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or fuel or for any other economic purpose.

   The farmer had a nice crop of corn.

2. The natural production for a specific year, particularly of plants.

   It was a good crop of oats that year.

3. A group, cluster or collection of things occurring at the same time.

   The decade produced a whole crop of ideas about space travel.

   The university had an exceptional crop of graduates in 1892, including three who went on to win Nobel Prizes.

4. A group of vesicles at the same stage of development in a disease.

   The patient had a crop of bumps indicative of chicken pox.

5. The lashing end of a whip.
6. An entire short whip, especially as used in horse-riding; a riding crop.
7. A rocky outcrop.
8. The act of cropping.
9. A photograph or other image that has been reduced by removing the outer parts.
10. A short haircut.

    She went from a ponytail to a crop.

11. (anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (かつ some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation; a craw.
    • XIX c., George MacDonald, The Early Bird:

      A little bird sat on the edge of her nest;

      Her yellow-beaks slept as sound as tops;

      Day-long she had worked almost without rest,

      And had filled every one of their gibbous crops;

    • 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle", 2005 Norton edition, page 221:

      The bird gave a gulp, and I felt the stone pass along its gullet and down into its crop.

    • 2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)[1]

      As the wildebeest shrinks, the circle of sated birds lounging in the short grass expands. With bulging crops, the vultures settle their heads atop folded wings and slide their nictitating membranes shut.

12. (architecture) The foliate part of a finial.
13. (archaic or dialect) The head of a flower, especially when picked; an ear of corn; the top branches of a tree.
14. (mining) Tin ore prepared for smelting.
15. (mining) An outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface^[1].
16. An entire oxhide.

同意語

• (harvest): harvest, yield
• (whip used on horses): hunting crop, riding crop, whip, bat

派生語

参考

• gizzard

語源 2

From Middle English croppen (“to cut, pluck かつ eat”), from 古期英語 *croppian. Cognate with Scots crap (“to crop”), Dutch kroppen (“to cram, digest”), Low German kröppen (“to cut, crop, stuff the craw”), German kröpfen (“to crop”), Icelandic kroppa (“to cut, crop, pick”). Literally, to take off the crop (top, head, ear) of a plant. See Etymology 1.

動詞

crop (三人称単数 現在形 crops, 現在分詞 cropping, 過去形および過去分詞形 cropped)

1. (transitive) To remove the top end of something, especially a plant.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Ezekiel 17:22:

     I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one.

2. (transitive) To mow, reap or gather.
3. (transitive) To cut (especially hair または an animal's tail または ears) short.
4. (transitive) To remove the outer parts of a photograph or other image, typically in order to frame the subject better.
5. (intransitive) To yield harvest.
6. (transitive) To cause to bear a crop.

   to crop a field

7. (transitive) To beat with a crop, or riding-whip.
   • 2013, Mary Hart Perry, Seducing the Princess

     She cropped the horse into a comfortable canter and enjoyed the familiar rhythm and bounce of the horse's stride.

派生語

• outcrop
• crop up

参考

• Wikipedia article on the crop of an animal
• Wikipedia article on riding crops
• Wikipedia article on cropping images

参照