cropとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: krŏp, IPA^(key): /kɹɒp/
• (General American) enPR: kräp, IPA^(key): /kɹɑp/
• 韻: -ɒp

語源 1

From Middle English crop, croppe, from 古期英語 crop, cropp, croppa (“the head または top of a plant, a sprout または herb, a bunch または cluster of flowers, an ear of corn, the craw of a bird, a kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *kropp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body, trunk, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to warp, bend, crawl”).

名詞

crop (複数形 crops)

1. (agriculture) A plant, especially a cereal, grown to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or fuel or for any other economic purpose.

   The farmer had a nice crop of corn.

2. The natural production for a specific year, particularly of plants.

   Synonyms: harvest, yield

   It was a good crop of oats that year.

3. (figuratively) A group, cluster or collection of things occurring at the same time.

   The decade produced a whole crop of ideas about space travel.

   The university had an exceptional crop of graduates in 1892, including three who went on to win Nobel Prizes.

4. A group of vesicles at the same stage of development in a disease.

   The patient had a crop of bumps indicative of chicken pox.

5. The lashing end of a whip.
7. An entire short whip, especially as used in horse-riding.

   Synonyms: hunting crop, riding crop, whip, bat

8. A rocky outcrop.
9. The act of cropping.
10. A photograph or other image that has been reduced by removing the outer parts.
    • 1924, Groesbeck Jr., Harry Appleton, “Preparation of Copy”, in The Process and Practice of Photo-engraving‎^[1], Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, Indicating Sizes, page 234:

      This indicates to the engraver that the subject may be cropped to yield the size desired, but it is advisable that the position for the crop also be determined and marked, else some essential feature of the copy may be cut off by arbitrary cropping to get the required size.

11. A short haircut.
    • 1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part One: Latitudes and Departures, page 227:

      From an inner pocket he produces a costly Ramillies Wig, shakes it out in a brisk Cloud of scented Litharge, and claps it on, with a minimum of fuss, over his ascetic’s Crop.

    She went from a ponytail to a crop.

    Eton crop

13. (anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (かつ some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation.

    Synonym: craw

    Coordinate term: gizzard

    • 1871, George MacDonald, “The Early Bird”, in At the Back of the North Wind‎^[2]:

      A little bird sat on the edge of her nest;
      Her yellow-beaks slept as sound as tops;
      That day she had done her very best,
      And had filled every one of their little crops.

    • 1892 October 14, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle”, in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, London: George Newnes, […], →OCLC, page 177:

      The bird gave a gulp, and I felt the stone pass along its gullet and down into its crop.

    • 2015 December, Elizabeth Royte, “Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them.”, in National Geographic‎^[3]:

      As the wildebeest shrinks, the circle of sated birds lounging in the short grass expands. With bulging crops, the vultures settle their heads atop folded wings and slide their nictitating membranes shut.

14. (architecture) The foliate part of a finial.
15. (archaic or dialect) The head of a flower, especially when picked; an ear of corn; the top branches of a tree.
16. (mining) Tin ore prepared for smelting.
17. (mining) An outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface.^[1]
18. An entire oxhide.
19. (slang, in the plural) Marijuana.
    • 1993, “Insane in the Brain”, in Black Sunday, performed by Cypress Hill:

      Cops, come and try to snatch my crops / These pigs wanna blow my house down

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English croppen (“to cut, pluck かつ eat”), from 古期英語 *croppian. Cognate with Scots crap (“to crop”), Dutch kroppen (“to cram, digest”), Low German kröppen (“to cut, crop, stuff the craw”), German kröpfen (“to crop”), Icelandic kroppa (“to cut, crop, pick”). Literally, to take off the crop (top, head, ear) of a plant. See Etymology 1.

動詞

crop (三人称単数 現在形 crops, 現在分詞 cropping, 過去形および過去分詞形 cropped)

1. (transitive) To remove the top end of something, especially a plant.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 17:22:

     I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one.

2. (transitive) To mow, reap or gather.
3. (transitive) To cut (especially hair または an animal's tail または ears) short.
4. (transitive) To remove the outer parts of a photograph or other image, typically in order to frame the subject better.
   • 1924, Groesbeck Jr., Harry Appleton, “Preparation of Copy”, in The Process and Practice of Photo-engraving‎^[4], Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, Indicating Sizes, page 234:

     Reduce to six inches wide and crop to eight inches high.

   • 1944 July, “WHAT ARE: Name These Enlarged Pictures”, in Popular Science‎^[5], volume 145, number 1, →ISSN, page 168:

     You'll see that when you enlarge a subject to many times its normal size, and then crop the photo so there is nothing in proportion to be recognized, all resemblance to the original can be hidden.

   • 1964, Taylor Jr., Proctor P., “Photographs”, in Preparing Contractor Reports for NASA: Technical Illustrating (NASA Special Publications; 7008)‎^[6], 2d edition, Scientific and Technical Information Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, published 1967, →OCLC, NASA SP-7008, page 18:

     Crop the photo for emphasis and composition.

5. (intransitive) To yield harvest.
6. (transitive) To cause to bear a crop.

   to crop a field

7. (transitive) To beat with a crop, or riding-whip.
   • 2013, Mary Hart Perry, Seducing the Princess:

     She cropped the horse into a comfortable canter and enjoyed the familiar rhythm and bounce of the horse's stride.

派生語

• outcrop
• crop-ear
• crop out
• crop up

Further reading

• crop at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “crop”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• crop (anatomy) on Wikipedia.
• crop (implement) on Wikipedia.
• cropping (image) on Wikipedia.

参照

アナグラム

• COPR, CPOR, Copr., Corp, Corp., RCPO, corp, corp., proc