hairとは

語源

From Middle English her, heer, hær, from 古期英語 hǣr, from Proto-Germanic *hērą (“hair”), of uncertain origin (see *hērą for more). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hier (“hair”), West Frisian hier (“hair”), Dutch haar (“hair”), German Low German Haar (“hair”), German Haar (“hair”), Swedish and Norwegian hår (“hair”), Icelandic hár (“hair”).

発音

• enPR: hâr, IPA^(key): /hɛə/, /hɛɚ/
• Homophone: hare
• 韻: -ɛə(r)
• (General New Zealand) Homophone: here

名詞

hair (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 hairs) (but usually in 単数形)

1. (countable) A pigmented filament of keratin which grows from a follicle on the skin of humans and other mammals.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Geoffrey Chaucer

     Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Edmund Spenser

     And draweth new delights with hoary hairs.

2. (uncountable) The collection or mass of such growths growing from the skin of humans and animals, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole body.

   In the western world, women usually have long hair while men usually have short hair.

   • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I:

     Her abundant hair, of a dark and glossy brown, was neatly plaited and coiled above an ivory column that rose straight from a pair of gently sloping shoulders, clearly outlined beneath the light muslin frock that covered them.

3. (zoology, countable) A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth.
4. (botany, countable) A cellular outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated.

   Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar).

5. (countable, engineering, firearms) A locking spring or other safety device in the lock of a rifle, etc., capable of being released by a slight pressure on a hair-trigger.
6. (obsolete) Haircloth; a hair shirt.
   • c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Second Nun's Tale", The Canterbury Tales:

     She, ful devout and humble in hir corage, / Under hir robe of gold, that sat ful faire, / Hadde next hir flessh yclad hir in an haire.

   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter ij, in Le Morte Darthur, book XV:

     Thenne vpon the morne whanne the good man had songe his masse / thenne they buryed the dede man / Thenne syr launcelot sayd / fader what shalle I do / Now sayd the good man / I requyre yow take this hayre that was this holy mans and putte it nexte thy skynne / and it shalle preuaylle the gretely

7. (countable) Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.

   Just a little louder please—turn that knob a hair to the right.

使用する際の注意点

• The word hair is usually used without article in singular number when it refers to all the hairs on one's head in general. But if it refers to more than one hair, a few hairs, then it takes the plural form without an article, and needs a plural verb.

  George has (-) brown hair, but I found a hair on the sofa and suspect he's getting some gray hairs.

  George's hair is brown, but one hair I found was grey, so I think there are probably more grey hairs on his head as well.

• Adjectives often applied to "hair": long, short, curly, straight, dark, blonde, black, brown, red, blue, green, purple, coarse, fine, healthy, damaged, beautiful, perfect, natural, dyed.

派生語

アナグラム

• Hari, Hira, Riha, riah