outとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English out, oute, from a combination of 古期英語 ūt (“out”, preposition & adverb), from Proto-Germanic *ūt (“out”); and 古期英語 ūte (“outside; without”, adverb), from Proto-Germanic *ūta (“out; outside”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“upwards, away”). Cognate with Scots oot, out (“out”), Saterland Frisian uut, uute (“out”), West Frisian út (“out”), Dutch uit (“out”), German Low German ut (“out”), German aus (“out”), Norwegian/Swedish ut, ute (“out; outside”), Danish ud, ude (“out; outside”).

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) enPR: out, IPA^(key): /aʊt/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /æɔt/, /æʊt/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ʌʊt/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /ɘʉt/
• 韻: -aʊt

副詞

out (not comparable)

See also individual phrasal verbs such as come out, go out, put out, take out, pull out, and so on.

1. Away from the inside or the centre.

   The magician pulled the rabbit out of the hat.

2. Away from home or one's usual place.

   Let's eat out tonight

3. Outside; not indoors.

   Last night we slept out under the stars.

4. Away from; at a distance.

   Keep out!

5. Into a state of non-operation; into non-existence.

   Switch the lights out.

   Put the fire out.

6. To the end; completely.

   I hadn't finished. Hear me out.

   • Bible, Psalms iv. 23:

     Deceitful men shall not live out half their days.

7. Used to intensify or emphasize.

   The place was all decked out for the holidays.

8. (of the sun, moon, stars, etc.) So as to be visible in the sky, and not covered by clouds, fog, etc.

   The sun came out after the rain, and we saw a rainbow.

9. (cricket, baseball) Of a player, so as to be disqualified from playing further by some action of a member of the opposing team (such as being stumped in cricket).

   Wilson was bowled out for five runs.

同意語

• (not at home): away

反意語

• (not at home): in

派生語

• thought-out
• out-of-bounds

関連する語

前置詞

out

1. (nonstandard, contraction of out of) Away from the inside.

   He threw it out the door.

同意語

• (away from the inside): through

反意語

• (away from the inside): in

名詞

out (複数形 outs)

1. A means of exit, escape, reprieve, etc.

   They wrote the law to give those organizations an out.

3. (baseball) A state in which a member of the batting team is removed from play due to the application of various rules of the game such as striking out, hitting a fly ball which is caught by the fielding team before bouncing, etc.
4. (cricket) A dismissal; a state in which a member of the batting team finishes his turn at bat, due to the application of various rules of the game, such as the bowler knocking over the batsman's wicket with the ball.
5. (poker) A card which can make a hand a winner.
   • 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)

     If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.

6. (dated) A trip out; an outing.
   • 1852-53, Charles Dickens, Bleak House

     Us London lawyers don't often get an out; and when we do, we like to make the most of it, you know.

7. (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of office.

   Antonym: in

   • 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World (page 192)

     This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]

8. A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle projecting outward; an open space.
9. (printing, dated) A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy; an omission.

派生した語

• → Japanese: アウト (auto)
• → Korean: 아웃 (aut)

動詞

out (三人称単数 現在形 outs, 現在分詞 outing, 過去形および過去分詞形 outed)

1. (transitive) To eject; to expel.
   • (Can we date this quote by Selden かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     a king outed from his country

   • (Can we date this quote by Heylin かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     The French have been outed of their holds.

2. (transitive, LGBT) To reveal (a person) to be queer.
3. (transitive) To reveal (a person または organization) as having a certain secret, such as a being a secret agent or undercover detective.
   • 2009 March 16, Maurna Desmond, "AIG Outs Counterparties" (online news article), Forbes.com.
4. (transitive) To reveal (a secret).

   A Brazilian company outed the new mobile phone design.

5. (intransitive) To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public or apparent.
   • c. 1596–1598, William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Truth will out.

   • 2016 September 28, Tom English, “Celtic 3–3 Manchester City”, in (Please provide the book title または journal name)‎^[1], BBC Sport:

     In those opening minutes City looked like a team that were not ready for Celtic's intensity. They looked a bit shocked to be involved in a fight. Class will out, though.

同意語

• (reveal a secret): See also Thesaurus:divulge

形容詞

out (not comparable)

1. Not at home; not at one's office or place of employment.

   I'm sorry, Mr Smith is out at the moment.

2. Released, available for purchase, download or other use.

   Did you hear? Their newest CD is out!

   • 2009, Roger Stahl, Militainment, Inc.: War, Media, and Popular Culture, page 96:

     The game was commercially released on Xbox and PC in 2005 as an installment of the Close Combat series, which had been out since 1996.

3. (in various games; used especially of a batsman または batter in cricket または baseball) Dismissed from play under the rules of the game.

   He bowls, Johnson pokes at it ... and ... Johnson is out! Caught behind by Ponsonby!

4. Openly acknowledging that one is queer and/or genderqueer.

   It's no big deal to be out in the entertainment business.

   • 2011, Allan Bérubé, My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Community, and Labor History:

     I had not come out yet and he was out but wasn't; quite ungay, I would say, and yet gay.

5. (of flowers) In bloom.

   The garden looks beautiful now that the roses are out.

6. (of the sun, moon または stars) Visible in the sky; not obscured by clouds.

   The sun is out, and it's a lovely day.

7. (of lamps, fires etc.) Not shining or burning.

   I called round to the house but all the lights were out and no one was home.

8. (of ideas, plans, etc.) Discarded; no longer a possibility.

   Right, so that idea's out. Let's move on to the next one.

9. No longer popular or in fashion.

   Black is out this season. The new black is white.

10. Without; no longer in possession of; not having more

    Do you have any bread? Sorry, we're out.

11. (of calculations または measurements) Containing errors or discrepancies; in error by a stated amount.

    Nothing adds up in this report. All these figures are out.

    The measurement was out by three millimetres.

12. (obsolete) Of a young lady: having entered society and available to be courted.
    • 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter V, in Mansfield Park: A Novel. In Three Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for T[homas] Egerton, […], OCLC 39810224, page 98:

      "Pray, is she out, or is she not?—I am puzzled.—She dined at the Parsonage, with the rest of you, which seemed like being out; and yet she says so little, that I can hardly suppose she is."

使用する際の注意点

• In cricket, the specific cause or rule under which a batsman is out appears after the word “out”, e.g., “out hit the ball twice”.
• In baseball, the cause is expressed as a verb with adverbial “out”, e.g., “he grounded out”.

同意語

• (openly acknowledging one's homosexuality): openly gay
• (no longer popular): démodé, passé, unchic; see also Thesaurus:unfashionable

反意語

• (disqualified from playing): in, safe
• (openly acknowledging one's homosexuality): closeted

間投詞

out

1. (procedure word, especially military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and does not expect a response.

   Destruction. Two T-72s destroyed. Three foot mobiles down. Out.

2. Get out; begone; away!
   • 1606, William Shakespeare, Macbeth

     Out, damned spot! Out, I say!

派生語

See also Category:English phrasal verbs with particle (out)

関連する語

• outen

参照

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

接頭辞

out-

1. External to, on the outside of

   outback

   outhouse

2. Toward the outside of, away from

   outcast

   outlead

   outflee

3. Surpassing, exceeding

   outdo

   outlast

   outmaneuver

   • It out-Herods Herod. Pray you, avoid it. (Hamlet, act 3, scene 2)
4. Greater than, beyond

   outsize

   outrun

   outgrow

5. Completely

   outfit

   outwork

派生語