outとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English out, oute, from a combination of 古期英語 ūt (“out”, preposition & adverb), from Proto-Germanic *ūt (“out”); and 古期英語 ūte (“outside; without”, adverb), from Proto-Germanic *ūtai (“out; outside”); both from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“upwards, away”).

Cognate with Scots oot, out (“out”), Saterland Frisian uut, uute (“out”), West Frisian út (“out”), Dutch uit (“out”), German Low German ut (“out”), German aus (“out”), Norwegian/Swedish ut, ute (“out; outside”), Danish ud, ude (“out; outside”).

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) enPR: out, IPA^(key): /aʊt/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /æɔt/, /æʊt/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ʌʊt/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /ɘʉt/
• 韻: -aʊt

副詞

out (not comparable)

1. Away from the inside, centre or other point of reference.

   The magician tapped the hat, and a rabbit jumped out.

   Once they had landed, the commandos quickly spread out along the beach.

   For six hours the tide flows out, then for six hours it flows in.

2. Away from home or one's usual place.

   Let's eat out tonight

3. Outside; not indoors.

   Last night we slept out under the stars.

4. Away from; at a distance.

   Keep out!

5. Into a state of non-operation or non-existence.

   Turn the lights out.

   Put the fire out.

   I painted out that nasty mark on the wall.

6. To the end; completely.

   I haven't finished. Hear me out.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Psalms 4:23:

     Deceitful men shall not live out half their days.

7. Used to intensify or emphasize.

   The place was all decked out for the holidays.

8. (of the sun, moon, stars, etc.) So as to be visible in the sky, and not covered by clouds, fog, etc.

   The sun came out after the rain, and we saw a rainbow.

9. (cricket, baseball) Of a player, so as to be disqualified from playing further by some action of a member of the opposing team (such as being stumped in cricket).

   Wilson was bowled out for five runs.

   • 1876, The School newspaper Vol. [2 issues of vols. 31 and 32]., page 66:

     First ball hit me on the 'and, second 'ad me on the knee, the third was in my eye, the fourth bowled me out.

   • 1984, Official Baseball Guide, page 211:

     Hayes batted for Reed and grounded out, Murray unassisted.

   • 2007, Philip R. Craig, ‎William G. Tapply, Third Strike: A Brady Coyne/J. W. Jackson Mystery, page 27:

     So, first guy, Larry strikes him out, good fastball in on his hands.

   • 2010, Mark Butcher, ‎Paul Abraham, Learn to Play Cricket: Teach Yourself, page A-65:

     The striking batter is bowled out when the wicket is broken with the bowler's delivery. A batter is bowled out whether or not the ball is touched or deflected into the stumps by the batter.

参考

There are numerous individual phrasal verbs, such as come out, go out, pull out, put out, take out, and so on.

同意語

• (not at home): away

反意語

• (not at home): in

派生語

• move out
• thought-out
• out-of-bounds

関連する語

前置詞

out

1. From from the inside to the outside of; out of. [from 14th c.]
   • c. 1608, William Shakespeare, Coriolanus, V.2:

     Can you, when you have pushed out your gates the very defender of them, and in a violent popular ignorance given your enemy your shield, think to front his revenges with the easy groans of old women, the virginal palms of your daughters, or with the palsied intercession of such a decayed dotant as you seem to be?

   • 1830, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "Adeline":

     Thy roselips and full blue eyes / Take the heart from out my breast.

   • 2012, Thomas Gifford, Woman in the Window:

     After she'd made her single cup of coffee she sat looking out the window into the slushy, halficy backyard and dialed Tony's number on Staten Island.

使用する際の注意点

• The use of out as a preposition, as in look out the window, is standard in American, Australian, and New Zealand English, and is common in speech and informal contexts in Britain, but is not standard British English.^[1][2]

同意語

• (away from the inside): through

反意語

• (away from the inside): in

名詞

out (複数形 outs)

1. A means of exit, escape, reprieve, etc.

   They wrote the law to give those organizations an out.

3. (baseball) A state in which a member of the batting team is removed from play due to the application of various rules of the game such as striking out, hitting a fly ball which is caught by the fielding team before bouncing, etc.
4. (cricket) A dismissal; a state in which a member of the batting team finishes his turn at bat, due to the application of various rules of the game, such as the bowler knocking over the batsman's wicket with the ball.
5. (poker) A card which can make a hand a winner.
   • 2005, Alison M. Pendergast, Play Winning Poker in No Time (page 57)

     As a beginner, when you are in a hand, you should practice counting your outs, or those live cards left in the deck that can improve your hand.

   • 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)

     If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.

6. (dated) A trip out; an outing.
   • 1852-53, Charles Dickens, Bleak House

     Us London lawyers don't often get an out; and when we do, we like to make the most of it, you know.

7. (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of office.

   Antonym: in

   • 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World (page 192)

     This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]

8. A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle projecting outward; an open space.
9. (printing, dated) A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy; an omission.

派生した語

• → Japanese: アウト (auto)
• → Korean: 아웃 (aut)

動詞

out (三人称単数 現在形 outs, 現在分詞 outing, 過去形および過去分詞形 outed)

1. (transitive) To eject; to expel.
   • 1689, John Selden, Table Talk

     a king outed of his country

   • 1674, Peter Heylin, Cosmographie in four bookes

     The French have been outed from their holds.

   • 1926, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Land of Mist‎^[1]:

     "I outed myself for life that night. I can put up a show fight and exhibition bout, but I'm done for the real thing."

2. (intransitive) To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public, revealed, or apparent.
   • c. 1596–1598, William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Truth will out.

   • 2016 September 28, Tom English, “Celtic 3–3 Manchester City”, in (Please provide the book title または journal name)‎^[2], BBC Sport:

     In those opening minutes City looked like a team that were not ready for Celtic's intensity. They looked a bit shocked to be involved in a fight. Class will out, though.

3. (transitive) To reveal (a person または organization) as having a certain secret, such as a being a secret agent or undercover detective.
   • 2009 March 16, Maurna Desmond, "AIG Outs Counterparties" (online news article), Forbes.com.
4. (transitive) To reveal (a secret).

   A Brazilian company outed the new mobile phone design.

5. (transitive, LGBT) To reveal (a person) as LGBT+ (gay, trans, etc).
   • 2014 July 18, Jase Peeples, “Susan Blu: Transformation of an Animation Icon”, in The Advocate‎^[3]:

     She throws her head back and lets out a warm laugh before she continues, “After that I thought, What am I so worried about? So I began to tell more people, and the more I outed myself, the easier it got.”

   • 2015, Juliet Jacques, Trans: A Memoir, Verso Books (→ISBN):

     Trans Media Watch had recently spoken at the Leveson Inquiry about how the Sun and the Daily Mail routinely outed trans people, publishing old names and photos, for no reason other than because they could.

   • 2015 December 30, Kathy, “Kathy's Favorite Photo (of Kathy!)”, in Femulate‎^[4]:

     Always in my life I knew I was different. I also accepted that in a way, but I thought I could just live out those desires in private, for myself. I also have gone out en femme for a couple of years. […] I outed myself to my sister, which was super positive and is^[sic] now my biggest supporter (love u sis!).

   • 2016, Molly Booth, Saving Hamlet, Little, Brown Books for Young Readers (→ISBN):

     The Parkses were strict and narrowminded, and not knowing what to do with their recently outed bisexual teenage daughter, their obvious solution was to cut her off from her friends and keep her from leaving the house.

   • 2020, Jos Twist, Meg-John Barker, Kat Gupta, Benjamin Vincent, Non-Binary Lives: An Anthology of Intersecting Identities, Jessica Kingsley Publishers (→ISBN), page 116:

     As of 2018, I chair the workforce committee and lead on diversity and inclusion, including heading up a policy review on gender identity and trans inclusion, although that led me to be publicly outed as non-binary in the Sunday Times.

6. To kill; to snuff out.
   • 1912, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World‎^[5]:

     "In my own case, I was beaten about the head by their wings, so we have had a remarkable exhibition of their various methods of offence." "It has been touch and go for our lives," said Lord John, gravely, "and I could not think of a more rotten sort of death than to be outed by such filthy vermin."

同意語

• (reveal a secret): See also Thesaurus:divulge

形容詞

out (not comparable)

1. Not inside a place one might otherwise be expected to be, especially a place one was formerly or is customarily inside:
   1. Not at home, or not at one's office or place of employment.

      I'm sorry, Mr Smith is out at the moment.

   2. Not in jail, prison, or captivity; freed from confinement

      Sentenced to five years, he could be out in three with good behavior.

   3. Not inside or within something.

      I worked away cleaning the U-bend until all the gunge was out.

   4. Not fitted or inserted into something.

      The TV won't work with the plug out!

   5. (sports) Of the ball or other playing implement, falling or passing or being situated outside the bounds of the playing area.

      I thought the ball hit the line, but the umpire said it was out.

2. Not (または no longer) in consideration, play, availability, or operation:
   1. (in various games; used especially of a batsman または batter in cricket または baseball) Dismissed from play under the rules of the game.

      He bowls, Johnson pokes at it ... and ... Johnson is out! Caught behind by Ponsonby!

   2. (of ideas, plans, etc.) Discarded; no longer a possibility.

      Right, so that idea's out. Let's move on to the next one.

   3. (of certain services, devices, または facilities) Not available; out of service.

      Power is out in the entire city.

      My wi-fi is out.

   4. (of a user of a service) Not having availability of a service, such as power or communications.

      Most of the city got service back yesterday, but my neighborhood is still out.

   5. (of lamps, fires etc.) Not shining or burning.

      I called round to the house but all the lights were out and no one was home.

   7. (of an organization, etc.) Temporarily not in operation, or not being attended as usual.
      • 1990 August 20, PBS NewsHour:

        No one is out screaming about Congress being out on a month long vacation.

      • 2012 October 23, Kids As Caregivers Face Special Challenges, National Public Radio:

        […] I had to be there after high school, I mean, after school was out, and after college was out, I had to go straight home.

      • 2013 August 4, Powerhouse Roundtable, ABC:

        It's a good thing that Congress is out for the month of August […]

      school is out tomorrow due to snow; when college is out for the summer, I'll head back to my home state

      when school gets out today; after school's out I go to the library until my mom gets off work

   8. No longer popular or in fashion.

      Black is out this season. The new black is white.

3. Open or public (about something).
   1. (LGBT) Openly acknowledging that one is LGBT+ (gay, trans, etc).

      It's no big deal to be out in the entertainment business.

      • 2011, Allan Bérubé, My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Community, and Labor History:

        I had not come out yet and he was out but wasn't; quite ungay, I would say, and yet gay.

      • 2018, Matthew Waites, Supporting Young Transgender Men: A Guide for Professionals, Jessica Kingsley Publishers (→ISBN), page 40:

        However, for a transgender man, while living stealth can be a feasible option for some, key people will need to know […] Not everyone has to be out, loud and proud or march down the streets holding trans flags […]

   2. (by extension, まれに) Open, public; public about or openly acknowledging some (usually specified) identity.
      • 2014, Arlene Stein, Reluctant Witnesses: Survivors, Their Children, and the Rise of Holocaust Consciousness, Oxford University Press (→ISBN):

        She was “out” as a survivor for the first time in her life. “I had friends who had known me many, many years who are totally astounded, shocked,” she said. “They could not believe that I was a Holocaust survivor. [...]”

      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:out.
4. Freed from from secrecy.

   My secret is out.

5. Available to be seen, or to be interacted with in some way:
   1. Released, available for purchase, download or other use.

      Did you hear? Their newest CD is out!

      • 2009, Roger Stahl, Militainment, Inc.: War, Media, and Popular Culture, page 96:

        The game was commercially released on Xbox and PC in 2005 as an installment of the Close Combat series, which had been out since 1996.

   2. (of flowers) In bloom.

      The garden looks beautiful now that the roses are out.

   3. (of the sun, moon または stars) Visible in the sky; not obscured by clouds.

      The sun is out, and it's a lovely day.

   4. (obsolete) Of a young lady: having entered society and available to be courted.
      • 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter V, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Egerton, […], OCLC 39810224, page 98:

        "Pray, is she out, or is she not?—I am puzzled.—She dined at the Parsonage, with the rest of you, which seemed like being out; and yet she says so little, that I can hardly suppose she is."

6. Of the tide, at or near its lowest level.

   You can walk to the island when the tide's out.

7. Without; no longer in possession of; not having more

   Do you have any bread? Sorry, we're out.

8. (of calculations または measurements) Containing errors or discrepancies; in error by a stated amount.

   Nothing adds up in this report. All these figures are out.

   The measurement was out by three millimetres.

使用する際の注意点

• In cricket, the specific cause or rule under which a batsman is out appears after the word “out”, e.g., “out hit the ball twice”.
• In baseball, the cause is expressed as a verb with adverbial “out”, e.g., “he grounded out”.

同意語

• (no longer popular): démodé, passé, unchic; see also Thesaurus:unfashionable

反意語

• (disqualified from playing): in, safe
• (openly acknowledging that one is LGBT+): closeted

下位語

• (openly acknowledging that one is LGBT+): openly gay, etc.

間投詞

out

1. (procedure word, especially military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and does not expect a response.

   Destruction. Two T-72s destroyed. Three foot mobiles down. Out.

   • 2002 November 18, Nintendo R&D1, Metroid Fusion, Nintendo, Game Boy Advance, scene: dispatch:

     [Galactic Federation official]: 'Does Samus suspect anything?' / Ship AI: 'No, I do not think so.' / [Galactic Federation official]: 'Good. Monitor her closely.' / Ship AI: 'Affirmative. Out.'

2. Get out; begone; away!
   • 1606, William Shakespeare, Macbeth

     Out, damned spot! Out, I say!

等位語

• over

派生語

• over and out

派生語

See also Category:English phrasal verbs with particle (out)

関連する語

• outen

参照

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
• out at OneLook Dictionary Search

接頭辞

out-

1. External to, on the outside of

   outback

   outhouse

2. Toward the outside of, away from

   outcast

   outlead

   outflee

3. Forms verbs with the sense of surpassing or exceeding the prefixed word, which need not be a verb itself.

   outdo

   outlast

   outmaneuver

   • a. 1602, William Shakespeare, Hamlet Act 3 Scene 2:

     It out-Herods Herod. Pray you, avoid it.

   • 2016, Noam Chomsky, What Kind of Creatures Are We?, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 124:

     With a few honorable exceptions it out-Descartesed Descartes […]

4. Greater than, beyond

   outsize

   outrun

   outgrow

5. Completely

   outfit

   outwork

派生語