it'sとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪts/
• 韻: -ɪts
• Homophone: its

語源 1

Contraction of ‘it is’ or ‘it has’.

短縮形

it’s

1. 短縮形 of it is.
   • 1743, Martin Marley, The Good Confessor, page 307:

     [...], guided not by his own Will, but by the Medick Science, which dictates, that it's recessary, beneficial, and convenient to alter, mix, and temper this medicine, and fit it to the Disposition, and Constitution of the Patient[.]

   • 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 48:

     The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […] and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention. Partly, this is a result of how online advertising has traditionally worked: advertisers pay for clicks, and a click is a click, however it's obtained.

   it’s too expensive;  it’s coming right for us!; it's a free country

2. 短縮形 of it has.

   It’s been a long time since I’ve had cheesecake.

3. (African-American Vernacular) There's, there is; there're, there are.

   it's a fine line between love and hate;  it's a package for you by the door

使用する際の注意点

• See Usage under “its”

同意語

• (it is): ’tis

語源 2

From it +‎ ’s (“possessive marker”).

限定詞

it's

1. (now nonstandard) Obsolete form of its.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 43, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     The manner wherewith our Lawes assay to moderate the foolish and vaine expences of table-cheare and apparell, seemeth contrarie to it’s end.

   • 1787, United States Constitution, Article I:

     No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws[.]

   • 1803, President Thomas Jefferson, Instructions to Captain Meriwether Lewis:

     The object of your mission is to explore the Missouri river, & such principal stream of it, as, by it’s course & communication with the waters of the Pacific Ocean.

   • 1848, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo‎^[1]:

     Article V.
     The Boundary line between the two Republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of it’s deepest branch, if it should have more than one branch emptying directly into the sea; from thence up the middle of that river, following the deepest channel, where it has more than one, to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico; thence, westwardly, along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to it’s western termination; thence, northward, along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first branch of the river Gila; (または if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then, to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, かつ thence in a direct line to the same;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence, across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific Ocean.

語源

Equivalent to it +‎ -'s. From the earlier form it's (it +‎ 's), which is now considered nonstandard. Began to displace his as the possessive of the neuter pronoun in the Middle English period; had fully displaced it by the 1700s.^[1]

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪts/
• 韻: -ɪts
• Homophone: it's

限定詞

its

1. Belonging to it. [from 16th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 43, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     The manner wherewith our Lawes assay to moderate the foolish and vaine expences of table-cheare and apparell, seemeth contrarie to it's end.

   • 1751, G. Burnett, trans. Thomas More, Utopia:

     since I have been at the Pains to write it, if he consents to it's being published I will follow my Friend's Advice, and chiefly yours.

   • 1763, Authorized King James Version of the Bible, Oxford Standard Text, Leviticus 25:5:

     That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt not reap, neither gather the grapes of thy vine undressed: for it is a year of rest unto the land. (originally "of it own accord" in the 1611 first edition)

   • 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice:

     They descended the hill, crossed the bridge, and drove to the door; and, while examining the nearer aspect of the house, all her apprehensions of meeting its owner returned.

   • 1989, Jasper Becker and John Gittings, The Guardian, 5 Jun 1989:

     The Chinese government is at war with its own people.

派生語

• itsself

短縮形

its

1. Misspelling of it's.

代名詞

its

1. The one (または ones) belonging to it. [from 17th c.]
   • 1645, Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, Letter to Ferdinando Fairfax, 6 February 1645:

     [...] both Houses have resolved to rob the North of a good friend of its and yours.

   • 2007 — Ian Austen, "Canadian Court Opens Up eBay Data to Tax Agency", New York Times, October 1, 2007:

     EBay Canada argued in court that the data sought by tax collectors was not its to give.

   • 1917 — Charles Henry Taylor, History of the Board of Trade of the City of Chicago Vol.2 p.1259:

     ...the Board of Trade of Chicago can at least feel that it has played its part manfully and patriotically, and that no act of its has stood in the way of National victory.

使用する際の注意点

• In practice, its is commonly used as a determiner before a noun, but its use as a solo pronoun is generally avoided.
• Its is now distinguished from it's (a contraction of "it is" または "it has"). For example, It's going to rain is equivalent to It is going to rain, and It's been raining for hours is equivalent to It has been raining for hours. However, the two are commonly confused, and using its where there should be it's (または vice versa) is a common mistake in written English.
• Like it, its is usually avoided when referring to humans. Its is commonly used with animals when the gender is unknown or unimportant. With humans, person is used for a person whose gender is unknown or to refer to something that could be possessed by either gender, body or corpse is often used to refer to a dead person, and figure, shape, and silhouette are often used to refer to what someone sees as a person but can't see clearly enough to determine an identity or gender, e.g. The figure moved behind a bush, but Josh could see its shadow from the moonlight.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:its.

名詞

its

1. plural of it

参考

• their

参照