Itとは

意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

'it ‎(複数形 'its)

1. Eye dialect spelling of hit (in the senses "punch", "kill", etc).

動詞

'it ‎(三人称単数 現在形 'its, 現在分詞 'ittin', 過去形および過去分詞形 'it)

1. Eye dialect spelling of hit (in the senses "punch", "kill", etc).

アナグラム

• TI, Ti., ti

発音

• (強勢)
  • (Received 発音, General American, General Australian) IPA^(key): /ɪt/ enPR: ĭt
  • (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘt/
  • 韻: -ɪt
• (弱勢)
  • (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ɪt/, [ɪ̈t], [ɪt]
  • 韻: -ɪt
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ət/, [ɪ̈t], enPR: ət
  • (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ət/
  • (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘt/
• Homophone: at (弱勢) (General American, General Australian, General New Zealand)

語源 1

From Middle English it, hit ( > dialectal English hit (“it”)), from 古期英語 hit (“it”), from Proto-Germanic *hit (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”). Cognate with West Frisian it (“it”), Saterland Frisian et, 't (“it”), Low German it (“it”), Dutch het (“it”), German es (“it”), Latin cis, hic. More at he.

別の表記

• itt (廃れた用法)

代名詞

it (subjective かつ objective it, 再帰的用法 かつ intensive itself, possessive determiner かつ pronoun its)

1. The third-person singular personal pronoun that is normally used to refer to an inanimate object or abstract entity, also often used to refer to animals.

   Put it over there.

   Take each day as it comes.

   I heard the sound of the school bus - it was early today.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     It is not a pen. It is a book. 

2. A third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer to a child, especially of unknown gender.

   She took the baby and held it in her arms.

   • 1847, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, Chapter IV:

     A child cannot quarrel with its elders, as I had done; cannot give its furious feelings uncontrolled play, as I had given mine, without experiencing afterwards the pang of remorse and the chill of reaction.

   • 1859, Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White:

     I could only encourage Mrs. Clements to speak next of Anne's early days […] "There was nobody else, sir, to take the little helpless creature in hand," replied Mrs. Clements. "The wicked mother seemed to hate it—as if the poor baby was in fault!—from the day it was born. My heart was heavy for the child, and I made the offer to bring it up as tenderly as if it was my own."
     "Did Anne remain entirely under your care from that time?"
     "Not quite entirely, sir. Mrs. Catherick had her whims and fancies about it at times, and used now and then to lay claim to the child, as if she wanted to spite me for bringing it up.

   • 2005, Marcus Zusak, The Book Thief, part 10:

     The sky was dripping. Like a tap that a child has tried its hardest to turn off but hasn't quite managed.

3. Used to refer to someone being identified, often on the phone, but not limited to this situation.

   It's me. John.

   Is it her?

4. The impersonal pronoun, used without referent as the subject of an impersonal verb or statement. (known as the dummy pronoun または weather it)

   It is nearly 10 o’clock.

   It’s 10:45 [read ten-forty-five].

   It’s very cold today.

   It’s lonely without you.

5. The impersonal pronoun, used without referent in various short idioms.

   stick it out

   live it up

   rough it

6. The impersonal pronoun, used as a placeholder for a delayed subject, or less commonly, object; known as the dummy pronoun or, more formally in linguistics, a syntactic expletive. The delayed subject is commonly a to-infinitive, a gerund, or a noun clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction.

   It is easy to see how she would think that. (with the infinitive clause headed by to see)

   I find it odd that you would say that. (with the noun clause introduced by that)

   It is hard seeing you so sick. (with the gerund seeing)

   He saw to it that everyone would vote for him. (with the noun clause introduced by that)

   It is not clear if the report was true. (with the noun clause introduced by if)

7. All or the end; something after which there is no more.

   Are there more students in this class, or is this it?

   That's it—I'm not going to any more candy stores with you.

8. (chiefly derogatory, offensive) A third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer to an animate referent who is transgender or is neither female nor male.
   • 1993, Bruce Coville, Aliens Ate My Homework, pages 72–73:

     "Oh, don't be silly. I am neither male nor female. I'm a farfel." […] "It. Refer to me as an it."
     "That seems pretty rude," I said nervously.
     "Not as rude as calling me a he or a she," it said.

9. (obsolete) Followed by an omitted and understood relative pronoun: That which; what.
   • 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2:

     In briefe, I am content, and what should providence add more? Surely this is it [= it which] wee call Happinesse, and this doe I enjoy [...].

使用する際の注意点

• See Wiktionary:English inflection, Appendix:English pronouns and Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns for other personal pronouns.
• For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:it.

派生語

参考

限定詞

it

1. (obsolete) its
   • 1611, Authorized King James Version of the Bible, first edition, Leviticus 25:5:

     That which groweth of it owne accord of thy haruest, thou ſhalt not reape, neither gather the grapes of thy Uine vndreſſed: for it is a yeere of reſt vnto the land. (replaced by "its" in the 1769 Oxford Standard Text)

名詞

it (複数形 its)

1. One who is neither a he nor a she; a creature; a dehumanized being.
   • 1920, Herman Cyril McNeile, Bulldog Drummond Chapter 1

     His master glanced up quickly, and removed the letter from his hands. "I'm surprised at you, James," he remarked severely. "A secretary should control itself. Don't forget that the perfect secretary is an it: an automatic machine—a thing incapable of feeling.…"

   • 1995, Neil Weiner, Sharon E. Robinson Kurpius, Shattered innocence (page 8)

     Too often, children become an "it" in their homes and their humanness is devalued.

2. The person who chases and tries to catch the other players in the playground game of tag.

   In the next game, Adam and Tom will be it…

   • 2000, Katherine T. Thomas, Amelia M. Lee, Jerry R. Thomas, Physical education for children (page 464)

     When there are only two children left who haven't been tagged, I will stop the game, and we will start over with those children starting as the Its.

3. (Britain, uncountable) The game of tag.

   Let's play it at breaktime.

4. (uncountable) Sex appeal, especially that which goes beyond beauty.
   • 1904, Rudyard Kipling, "Mrs Bathurst"

     'Tisn't beauty, so to speak, nor good talk necessarily. It's just It. Some women'll stay in a man's memory if they once walked down a street

   • 1927, Dorothy Parker:

     And she had It. It, hell; she had Those.

5. (euphemistic) Sexual activity.
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 14:

     The great advantage of English public school life lies of course in the quality of tutelage it provides. Adrian had received a decent and broad English education in the area of his loins... He had quickly happened upon the truth which many lonely contemporaries would never discover, the truth that everybody, simply everybody, was panting for it and could, with patience, be shown that they were panting for it. So Adrian grabbed what was to hand and had the time of his life genitally—focusing exclusively on his own gender of course, for this was 1973 and girls had not yet been invented.

   caught them doing it

6. A biological force that inhabits living beings, according to the vitalist approach of Georg Groddeck.

形容詞

it (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) Most fashionable.
   • 2007 September, Vibe, volume 15, number 9, page 202:

     Going away for the weekend and feel the need to profile en route? This is the "it" bag.

   • 2010, David Germain, Hilarious ‘Kick-Ass’ delivers bloody fun, Associated Press

     With Hit Girl, Moretz is this year's It Girl, alternately sweet, savage and scary.

語源 2

Abbreviation.

固有名詞

it

1. Abbreviation of Italy.
2. Abbreviation of Italian. (language)

派生語

• gin and it, gin-and-It

参考

• IT

アナグラム

• TI, Ti., ti

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /it/, [ɪt̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /it/, [it̪]

動詞

it

1. third-person singular present active indicative of eō