differenceとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɪf(ə)ɹəns/
• ハイフネーション: diffe‧rence, dif‧fer‧ence

名詞

difference (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 differences)

1. (uncountable) The quality of being different.

   You need to learn to be more tolerant of difference.

   Antonyms: identity, sameness

2. (countable) A characteristic of something that makes it different from something else.
   • 2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 11:

     But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries’ own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars かつ adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short.

   There are three differences between these two pictures.

3. (countable) A disagreement or argument.

   We have our little differences, but we are firm friends.

   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

     What was the difference? It was a contention in public.

   • 1714, Thomas Ellwood, The History of the Life of Thomas Ellwood: written by his own hand:

     Away therefore went I with the constable, leaving the old warden and the young constable to compose their difference as they could.

4. (countable, uncountable) Significant change in or effect on a situation or state.
   • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

     The line of the horizon was clear and hard against the sky, and in one particular quarter it showed black against a silvery climbing phosphorescence that grew and grew. At last, over the rim of the waiting earth the moon lifted with slow majesty till it swung clear of the horizon and rode off, free of moorings; and once more they began to see surfaces—meadows wide-spread, and quiet gardens, and the river itself from bank to bank, all softly disclosed, all washed clean of mystery and terror, all radiant again as by day, but with a difference that was tremendous.

   • 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, 1993 edition, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 105:

     As she did so Fanny put down her book , stood up and stretched her arms, and at once Jessamy noticed a difference. It was the same Fanny but not the Fanny who climbed trees and tore her frock playing in the garden. It was as though a young lady film had settled over her, neatening her unruly hair, which was tied back with a large black bow, and primly composing her small mouth.

   It just won't make much difference to me.

   It just won't make much of a difference to anyone.

6. (countable) The result of a subtraction; sometimes the absolute value of this result.

   The difference between 3 and 21 is 18.

7. (obsolete) Choice; preference.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     That now be chooseth with vile difference
     To be a beast, and lack intelligence.

8. (heraldry) An addition to a coat of arms to distinguish two people's bearings which would otherwise be the same. See augmentation and cadency.
9. (logic) The quality or attribute which is added to those of the genus to constitute a species; a differentia.
10. (logic circuits) A Boolean operation which is true when the two input variables are different but is otherwise false; the XOR operation (${\displaystyle \scriptstyle A{\overline {B}}+{\overline {A}}B}$).
11. (relational algebra) The set of elements that are in one set but not another (${\displaystyle \scriptstyle A{\overline {B}}}$).

同意語

• (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else): departure, deviation, divergence, disparity
• (disagreement または argument about something important): conflict, difference of opinion, dispute, dissension
• (result of a subtraction): remainder
• (significant change in state): nevermind

派生語

参考

Other terms used in arithmetic operations:

Advanced hyperoperations: tetration, pentation, hexation

動詞

difference (三人称単数 現在形 differences, 現在分詞 differencing, 過去形および過去分詞形 differenced)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To distinguish or differentiate.
   • 1672, Gideon Harvey, Morbus Anglicus, Or, The Anatomy of Consumptions:

     This simple spectation of the lungs is differenced from that which concomitates a pleurisy.

   • 1901 [1839], Philip James Bailey, Festus: A Poem, London: George Routledge & Sons, page 10:

     […] and souls, like in the mass, but differenced in themselves, with special gifts, duties and joys […]

   • 1904, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory, London: T.C. & E.C. Jack, page 344:

     In the Calais Roll the arms of William de Warren […] are differenced by the addition of a canton said to be that of Fitzalan […]

同意語

• (to distinguish または differentiate): differentiate, distinguish

関連する語

Further reading

• “difference”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “difference”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.