fewとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /fjuː/, [fjʉː], [fjʉ͡u]
  • (米国発音) IPA^(key): /fju/
  • 韻: -uː
  • Homophone: phew (phonemically)

限定詞

few (比較級 fewer または less, 最上級 fewest または least)

1. (preceded by another determiner) An indefinite, but usually small, number of.
   • 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.

   There are a few cars (=some, but a relatively small number) in the street.

   Quite a few people (=a significant number) were pleasantly surprised.

   I think he's had a few drinks. [This usage is likely ironic.]

2. (used alone) Not many; a small (in comparison with another number stated または implied) but somewhat indefinite number of.

   There are very few people who understand quantum theory.

   I was expecting a big crowd at the party, but very few people (=almost none) turned up.

   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

     Your men are valiant but their number few,
     And cannot terrifie his mightie hoſt, […]

3. (meteorology, of clouds) Obscuring one to two oktas (eighths) of the sky.

   Tonight: A few clouds. Increasing cloudiness overnight.

   NOAA definition of the term "few clouds": An official sky cover classification for aviation weather observations, descriptive of a sky cover of 1/8 to 2/8. This is applied only when obscuring phenomena aloft are present--that is, not when obscuring phenomena are surface-based, such as fog.

4. (meteorology, of rainfall with regard to a location) (US?) Having a 10 percent chance of measurable precipitation (0.01 inch); used interchangeably with isolated.

使用する際の注意点

• Few is used with plural nouns only; its synonymous counterpart little is used with uncountable nouns.

• Although indefinite in nature, a few is usually more than two (two often being referred to as "a couple of"), and less than "several". If the sample population is say between 5 and 20, a few would mean three or four, but no more than this. However, if the population sample size were in the millions, a few could refer to several hundred items. In other words, few in this context means a very very small percentage but far more than the 3 or 4 usually ascribed to it in its use with much much smaller numbers.

• Few is grammatically affirmative but semantically negative, and it can license negative polarity items. For example, anything usually cannot be used in affirmative sentences, but can be used in sentences with few.

• He didn't do anything to help us.
• *He did anything to help us. (ungrammatical)
• Few people did anything to help us.
• *A few people did anything to help us. (ungrammatical, since a few is a different unit of meaning from few かつ does not license NPIs)

• Few alone emphasises smallness of number, while a few emphasises some. For example: He's a dull man with few ideas; He's a clever man with a few ideas.

同意語

• little (see usage)

反意語

• many

派生語

関連する語

• paucity
• poor

代名詞

few

1. Few people, few things.

   Many are called, but few are chosen.

反意語

• many

参照

• Meteorology (both senses)

  NOAA Glossary: f