fewとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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意味・対訳 ほとんどない、少数しかない、少しはある、ないことはない、数が少ない、ほんの少数で、(多数に対して)少数の人、少数派、(選ばれた)少数者
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数が少ない 「少ない」かどうかは全体量との対比で相対的に決まる.a few(少しある)とfew(ほとんどない)の違いは,話し手が「少ない数」を「ある」と積極的に評価するか,しないかの違いである |
fewの |
fewの |
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fewの学習レベル | レベル:1英検:3級以上の単語学校レベル:中学以上の水準TOEIC® L&Rスコア:220点以上の単語 |
研究社 新英和中辞典での「few」の意味 |
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few
b
[the few; 名詞的に; 複数扱い] (多数に対して)少数の人; 少数派; (選ばれた)少数者 (⇔the many) 《★【用法】 名詞とも考えられ few の前に形容詞がつくことがある》.
語法 |
a góod féw… | èvery féw |
féw and fár betwéen | nó féwer than… |
nòt a féw… | ònly a féw… |
quìte a féw… | sòme féw… |
nòt a féw | ònly a féw |
quìte a féw | sòme féw |
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Eゲイト英和辞典での「few」の意味 |
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few
コア数が少ない「少ない」かどうかは全体量との対比で相対的に決まる.a few(少しある)とfew(ほとんどない)の違いは,話し手が「少ない数」を「ある」と積極的に評価するか,しないかの違いである
形容詞
1((a ~))(肯定的に)少しの;少数の;少人数の(比較変化なし)
2((無冠詞))(否定的に)少しの…しかない;…がほとんどない
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成句a good few ...
((口))かなり多くの[多数の,たくさんの]…
成句as few as ...
(少ない数を強調して)わずか…の,たった…の
成句few and far between
まれな,めったにない,珍しい
成句no fewer than ...
…もの(多くの)
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成句not a few ...
少なからぬ…,かなりの…
成句only a few ...
ほんの少しの[わずかの]…
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成句quite a few ...
かなり多くの[多数の,たくさんの]…
成句some few ...
①少数の…
②((米口))かなりの数の…
代名詞
2((無冠詞))(「少ない数」を否定的にとらえて)非常に少数の人[物]
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3((the ~))少数の(選ばれた)人々;少数派
語法 ①a fewで一語の形容詞のような働きをする.「2,3の」という意味を明確に述べるときは,two or three, a couple (of)などを用いる ②順位・序列を表す形容詞や関係詞節を伴って,theとともに用いられることがある.また,慣用的にeveryとともに用いられることもある/the last few questions最後の数問/the following few weeks続く数週間/every few days [years]数日[数年]ごとに/the few students who passed the testそのテストに合格した数人の生徒 |
語法 ①口語では,しばしば,fewの代わりにnot manyが使われる ②fewerとfewestは本来,量ではなく数を表すが,口語では,量を表すless, leastがそれぞれ使われることがある |
ネットワークfewとlittle (a) fewと(a) littleは,前提となっている全体の数[量]との対比でいずれも「少ない」ということを表すが,(a) fewが数の少なさを表すのに対し,(a) littleは量の少なさを表すという点で異なる.しかし「少ない」数をあるものとしてとらえる場合にはaをつけ(a few, a little)「少しある」,ないものとしてとらえる場合にはaをつけずに(few, little)「ほとんどない」を表すという点では共通している/There are a few pieces of candy in the jar.びんの中にキャンディーが少しある/There are few candies in the jar.びんの中にキャンディーはほとんどない/There is a little milk in the glass.グラスに少し牛乳が入っている/There is little milk in the glass.グラスに牛乳はほとんど入っていない |
Wiktionary英語版での「few」の意味 |
few
語源
From Middle English fewe, from 古期英語 fēaw (“few”), from Proto-West Germanic *fau, from Proto-Germanic *fawaz (“few”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”).
Cognate with Old Saxon fā (“few”), Old High German fao, fō (“few, little”), Old Norse fár (“few”), Gothic (faus, “few”), Latin paucus (“little, few”) (whence English pauper, poor etc.). More at poor.
発音
限定詞
few (比較級 fewer または less, 最上級 fewest または least)
- (preceded by another determiner) An indefinite, but usually small, number of.
- 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
- There are a few cars (=some, but a relatively small number) in the street.
- Quite a few people (=a significant number) were pleasantly surprised.
- I think he's had a few drinks. [This usage is likely ironic.]
- (used alone) Not many; a small (in comparison with another number stated または implied) but somewhat indefinite number of.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:
- (meteorology, of clouds) Obscuring one to two oktas (eighths) of the sky.
- (meteorology, of rainfall with regard to a location) (US?) Having a 10 percent chance of measurable precipitation (0.01 inch); used interchangeably with isolated.
使用する際の注意点
- Few is used with plural nouns only; its synonymous counterpart little is used with uncountable nouns.
- Although indefinite in nature, a few is usually more than two (two often being referred to as "a couple of"), and less than "several". If the sample population is say between 5 and 20, a few would mean three or four, but no more than this. However, if the population sample size were in the millions, a few could refer to several hundred items. In other words, few in this context means a very very small percentage but far more than the 3 or 4 usually ascribed to it in its use with much much smaller numbers.
- Few is grammatically affirmative but semantically negative, and it can license negative polarity items. For example, anything usually cannot be used in affirmative sentences, but can be used in sentences with few.
- Few alone emphasises smallness of number, while a few emphasises some. For example: He's a dull man with few ideas; He's a clever man with a few ideas.
反意語
派生語
- a few
- a few clowns short of a circus
- a few fries short of a Happy Meal
- a few roos loose in the top paddock
- a few spanners short of a tool box
- a good few
- cover-few
- few and far between
- few cards short of a full deck
- few cards shy of a full deck
- few-flowered sedge
- few sandwiches short of a picnic
- few-shot learning
- have a few
- have a few too many
- in a few shakes
- man of few words
- pull a few strings
- quite a few
- some few
- to name a few
- woman of few words
- you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette
反意語
参照
- Meteorology (both senses)
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