agoとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English ago, agon (“passed”), past participle of agon (“to depart, escape, pass”), from 古期英語 āgān (“to go away, pass away, go forth, come to pass”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), *gāną (“to go”), equivalent to a- +‎ gone. Cognate with German ergehen (“to come to pass, fare, go forth”). Compare also Old Saxon āgangan (“to go または pass by”), Gothic ���������������� (usgaggan, “to go forth”).

発音

• (General American) enPR: ə-gō', IPA^(key): /əˈɡoʊ/
• (Received 発音) enPR: ə-gō', IPA^(key): /əˈɡəʊ/
• 韻: -əʊ

形容詞

ago (comparative more ago, superlative most ago)

1. (archaic or dialectal) Gone; gone by; gone away; passed; passed away.

   in days ago/in days agone

2. (archaic or dialectal) Nearly gone; dead (used in Devonshire at the turn of the 19th century)

   Woe the day- she is agone!

使用する際の注意点

• Usually follows the noun.

副詞

ago (comparative more ago, superlative most ago)

1. before

後置詞

ago

1. Before now.
   • 2013 August 10, “Damned if you don’t”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     Two years ago a pair of scientists sparked fears of a devastating virus.

   I got married ten years ago.   The last slice of cake was gone long ago.

派生語

参考

• Preposition and postposition on Wikipedia.

参照

• G. A. Cooke, The County of Devon
• ago at OneLook Dictionary Search
• ago in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911

アナグラム

• AOG, GAO, Gao, Goa, goa

Latin

語源

From Proto-Italic *agō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti.

Cognate with Old Irish aigid, Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”), Old Norse aka (“move, drive”), Avestan ������������‎ (azaiti), Sanskrit अजति (ájati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡoː/
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡo/, [ˈaː.ɡɔ]

動詞

agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation

1. I do, act, make, behave
   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus Amphitryon 2.1.1

     age ī tū secundum,

     "Come, follow me!"

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text かつ English translations here)

     Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.

     "You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of."

   • 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Paralipomenon II 32:7

     viriliter agite et confortamini nolite timere nec paveatis regem Assyriorum […]

     "Act strongly and be courageous. Do not fear nor tremble before the king of Assyria"

2. I accomplish, manage, achieve
3. I perform, transact
4. I drive, conduct
   • 1877, Sophocles (in translation), Electra, in Aeschyli et Sophoclis: Tragoediae et Fragmenta (Paris: Institutiae Franciae Typographo)

     Intereā Orestēs postrēmus omnium ultimō locō equōs agēbat, in fīne certam spem victōriae ponēns.

     "Meanwhile, Orestes had been driving in last place and holding his horses back, putting his trust in the finish."

5. I push, move, impel
6. I guide, govern, administer
7. I discuss, plead, deliberate
8. I think upon; I am occupied with
9. I stir up, excite, cause, induce
10. I chase, pursue
11. I drive at, pursue (a course of action)
12. I rob, steal, plunder, carry off
13. I treat
    • (Can we date this quote?) Virgil (in translation), Aeneid Book I, line 575

      Trōs Tyriusque mihī nūllō discrīmine agētur.

      "Trojan and Tyrian shall be treated by me with no distinction."

14. (of time) I pass, spend
15. (of offerings) I slay, kill (as a sacrifice)
16. (of plants) I put forth, sprout, extend

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• ago in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ago in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ago in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take root: radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73)
    
  • to bud, blossom: gemmas agere
    
  • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
    
  • I am in my thirteenth year: tertium decimum annum ago
    
  • to be at one's last gasp: animam agere
    
  • so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers: agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo
    
  • to be ruined, undone: praecipitem agi, ire
    
  • a man's life is at stake, is in very great danger: salus, caput, vita alicuius agitur, periclitatur, in discrimine est or versatur
    
  • to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re
    
  • to give thanks to heaven: grates agere (dis immortalibus)
    
  • (ambiguous) to have all one's trouble for nothing: rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.)
    
  • to be occupied with business, busy: negotia agere, gerere
    
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
    
  • to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere
    
  • to devote one's life to science, study: aetatem in litteris ducere, agere
    
  • the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam
    
  • to recite a poem, line with appropriate action: carmen, versum agere
    
  • to act a play (said of the actors): fabulam agere
    
  • to play the part of some one: partes agere alicuius
    
  • to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
    
  • to represent a thing dramatically: sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur)
    
  • to gesticulate: gestum (always in the sing.) agere
    
  • the question now is..: nunc id quaeritur, agitur
    
  • to be now jesting, now in earnest: ioca et seria agere
    
  • the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
    
  • to act reasonably, judiciously: prudenter, considerate, consilio agere (opp. temere, nullo consilio, nulla ratione)
    
  • to be moderate in all things, commit no excess: omnia modice agere
    
  • to have no principles: omnia temere agere, nullo iudicio uti
    
  • to thank, glorify the immortal gods: grates, laudes agere dis immortalibus
    
  • to keep, celebrate a festival: diem festum agere (of an individual)
    
  • to take the auspices, observe the flight of birds: augurium agere, auspicari (N. D. 2. 4. 11)
    
  • the house walls are beginning to crack: domus rimas agit
    
  • to live a lonely life: vitam solitariam agere
    
  • how are you: quid agis?
    
  • what is going on? how are you getting on: quid agitur? quid fit?
    
  • to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    
  • to drive to pasture: pastum agere
    
  • to submit a formal proposition to the people: agere cum populo (Leg. 3. 4. 10)
    
  • the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
    
  • to be a leading spirit of the popular cause: populi causam agere
    
  • to play the demagogue: populariter agere
    
  • to hold the census: censum habere, agere (Liv. 3. 22)
    
  • to perform the censors' duties: censuram agere, gerere
    
  • to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
    
  • to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • to convene the assizes (used of a provincial governor): conventus agere (B. G. 1. 54)
    
  • to conduct a person's case (said of an agent, solicitor): causam alicuius agere (apud iudicem)
    
  • a person's life is in jeopardy: caput alicuius agitur (vid. sect. V. 8)
    
  • to crucify: in crucem agere, tollere aliquem
    
  • to set the army in motion: agmen agere
    
  • to mount guard in the camp: vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43)
    
  • to keep watch on the rampart: custodias agere in vallo
    
  • to be on duty before the gates: stationes agere pro portis
    
  • to carry off booty: ferre atque agere praedam
    
  • to advance pent-houses, mantlets: vineas agere (B. G. 3. 21)
    
  • to make mines, subterraneous passages: cuniculos agere (B. G. 3. 21)
    
  • to drive the enemy before one: prae se agere hostem
    
  • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
    
  • to treat with some one about peace: agere cum aliquo de pace
    
  • to row: navem remis agere or propellere
    
  • (ambiguous) I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    
  • (ambiguous) to have all one's trouble for nothing: rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.)
    
  • (ambiguous) it's all over with me; I'm a lost man: actum est de me
    

Further reading

• ago in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.ɡoː/

接尾辞

-āgō f (genitive -āginis); third declension

1. 接尾辞ed to nouns, forms nouns describing objects, plants, and animals.

   ‎corium + ‎-āgō → ‎coriāgō

   ‎planta + ‎-āgō → ‎plantāgō

   ‎simila + ‎-āgō → ‎similāgō

   ‎medica + ‎-āgō → ‎Medicāgō

語形変化

Third declension.

派生語

参照

• Leumann, Manu; Hofmann, Johann Baptist; Szantyr, Anton (1977) Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut-und Formenlehre, CH Beck, § 325.B.3., page 369
• “-āgō” on page 90/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)