agoとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English ago, agon (“passed”), past participle of agon (“to depart, escape, pass”), from 古期英語 āgān (“to go away, pass away, go forth, come to pass”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), *gāną (“to go”), equivalent to a- +‎ gone. Cognate with German ergehen (“to come to pass, fare, go forth”). Compare also Old Saxon āgangan (“to go または pass by”), Gothic ���������������� (usgaggan, “to go forth”).

発音

• (General American) enPR: ə-gō', IPA^(key): /əˈɡoʊ/
• (Received 発音) enPR: ə-gō', IPA^(key): /əˈɡəʊ/
• 韻: -əʊ

形容詞

ago (comparative more ago, superlative most ago)

1. (archaic or dialectal) Gone; gone by; gone away; passed; passed away.

   in days ago/in days agone

2. (archaic or dialectal) Nearly gone; dead (used in Devonshire at the turn of the 19th century)

   Woe the day- she is agone!

使用する際の注意点

• Usually follows the noun.

副詞

ago (comparative more ago, superlative most ago)

1. before

   When they first met in 2000, my dad told my mom how he had gotten the money. The story begins 20 years ago.

後置詞

ago

1. Before now.
   • 2013 August 10, “Damned if you don’t”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     Two years ago a pair of scientists sparked fears of a devastating virus.

   I got married ten years ago.

派生語

参考

• Preposition and postposition on Wikipedia.

参照

• G. A. Cooke, The County of Devon
• ago at OneLook Dictionary Search
• ago in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
• “ago” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

アナグラム

• AOG, G. O. A., G.O.A., GAO, GOA, Gao, Goa, goa, oga

Latin

語源

From Proto-Italic *agō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti.

Cognate with Old Irish aigid, Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”), Old Norse aka (“move, drive”), Avestan ������������‎ (azaⁱti), Sanskrit अजति (ájati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡoː/, [ˈäɡoː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡo/, [ˈäːɡo]

動詞

agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation

1. I act, I behave
   • 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Paralipomenon II 32:7

     viriliter agite et confortamini nolite timere nec paveatis regem Assyriorum […]

     "Act strongly and be courageous. Do not fear nor tremble before the king of Assyria"

   • 64 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula 94, 6.1:

     ...doces illum quid sano faciendum sit, non efficis sanum. Pauperi ut agat divitem monstras: hoc quomodo manente paupertate fieri potest?

     ...you teach a man what a healthy man should do, but you don't make him healthy. You show the poor how to behave as a rich man: but if they remain poor, how can they do so?

2. I do
   • "Agere...does not express, as facere does, the principle, author, nor a single act of producing; but a series of cares and a continued activity." - Latin Synonyms, with Their Different Significations, etc. by M. J. B. Gardin Dumesnil, Trans. Gosset, London, 1819.
   • "Agere, Facere et Gerere hoc differunt, quod agere et corporis, et vocis, et mentis agitatum comprehendit. Facere tantum refertur ad opera, quae corpore efficimus; aliquando et pro consentire ponitur. His enim loquendi modis utebantur recte antiqui: mecum seu tecum faciam, hoc est, mecum seu tecum consentiam. Gerere est muneris et oneris..." - Ausonii Popmae frisii de differentiis verborum cum additamentis ab Hekelii, Richteri, Messerschmidii et Vallaurii, 1865.
   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus Amphitryon 2.1.1

     (AMPHITRYON to SOSIA): age ī tū secundum,

     Direct/literal translation: "Do thou walk after/following (me)!" Functional/colloquial translation: "Come, do follow after me!"

   • 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text かつ English translations here)

     Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.

     "You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of."

3. I make (something that does not continue to exist after the maker stops)
4. I negotiate, discuss, confer, talk with one about a person or thing
5. I effect, accomplish, achieve
6. I treat, I deal
   • (Can we date this quote?) Virgil (in translation), Aeneid Book I, line 575

     Trōs Tyriusque mihī nūllō discrīmine agētur.

     "Trojan and Tyrian shall be treated by me with no distinction."

7. I act, play, perform (e.g., a role in a play)
8. I perform, transact, conduct, manage (e.g. business, affairs)
9. I administer, direct, guide, govern
10. I drive (sense of providing an impetus for motion), impel, move, push, put in motion
    • Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 12:

      Mettius Curtius [...] ab arce decucurrerat et effusos egerat Romanos

      Mettius Curtius [..] had run down from the citadel, and driven the Romans in disorder

11. I conduct, drive (sense of providing governance to motion)
    • 1877, Sophocles (in translation), Electra, in Aeschyli et Sophoclis: Tragoediae et Fragmenta (Paris: Institutiae Franciae Typographo)

      Intereā Orestēs postrēmus omnium ultimō locō equōs agēbat, in fīne certam spem victōriae ponēns.

      "Meanwhile, Orestes had been driving in last place and holding his horses back, putting his trust in the finish."

12. I discuss, debate, deliberate (used in civil, political かつ legal contexts)
13. (law) I plead
14. I think upon; I am occupied with
    • 8 CE, Publius Ovidius Naso, Heroides Carmen IIX, Lines 208-212 (ultimate 5 lines):

      ingentis parturit ira minas. / Quo feret ira, sequar! facti fortasse pigebit — / Et piget infido consuluisse viro. / Viderit ista deus, qui nunc mea pectora versat! / Nescio quid certe mens mea maius agit!

      Tremndous anger abounds with threat. / I’ll follow where anger carries me. Perhaps I’ll regret my deeds: / I regret having given thought to the interests of an unfaithful husband. / Let the god see to that, which churns within my heart. / Assuredly, I don't know what occupies my mind more greatly!

15. I aim at, I get at (generally in the subjunctive mood かつ preceded by ut, かつ so meaning: "that I might achieve...")
16. I stir up, excite, cause, induce
17. I disturb, agitate, vex
18. I lead, drive (e.g., livestock)
19. I chase, pursue
20. I drive at, pursue (a course of action)
21. I rob, steal, plunder, carry off
22. (of time) I pass, spend, lead
23. (of offerings) I slay, kill (as a sacrifice)
24. (of plants) I put forth, sprout, extend
25. (law) I hold (a court)
26. (passive) to go on, to take place, to be at issue

Conjugation

同意語

• (accomplish): perficio, conficio, fungor, defungor, efficiō, perfero, absolvo, expleo, exsequor, gero, nāvō, perpetrō, conclūdō, condō, peragō, inclūdō, claudō, cumulō, prōflīgō, trānsigō, impleō, exhauriō
• (conduct, drive): duco, deduco, traduco, veho, portō, produco
• (stir): cieo, molior, perpello
• (rob): rapiō, abdūcō, dīripiō, ēripiō, adimō, rapiō, corripiō, auferō, āvertō, tollō, praedor
• (plunder): dēpraedor, praedor, dīripiō, populor, expugnō, trahō
• (discuss): colloquor
• (disturb): fatīgō, turbō, perturbō, sollicitō, īnfestō, irrītō, stimulō, agitō, angō, peragō, disturbō, ēvertō, occīdō, concitō, moveō, versō, ūrō
• (pursue): exsequor, persequor, sequor, premō, īnstō, apīscor

反意語

• (disturb): cōnsōlor

使用する際の注意点

Ago renders a sense of doing or making which is continuative or behavioral. For a sense of a specific instance or occasion of doing or making, see facio. For a sense of doing or making which is yet more continuative, see agito and gero.

According to Döderlein, another difference between ago and facio when they mean "make" is that ago typically has to do with making something that does not continue after the "actor" stops doing the action; whereas with facio, the object continues to exist after the maker has made the thing. In other words, ago is temporal, whereas facio is spatial.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• von Wartburg, Walther (1928–2002), “agĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 240, page 257

Further reading

• “ago”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ago”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ago in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take root: radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73)
    
  • to bud, blossom: gemmas agere
    
  • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
    
  • I am in my thirteenth year: tertium decimum annum ago
    
  • to be at one's last gasp: animam agere
    
  • so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers: agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo
    
  • to be ruined, undone: praecipitem agi, ire
    
  • a man's life is at stake, is in very great danger: salus, caput, vita alicuius agitur, periclitatur, in discrimine est or versatur
    
  • to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re
    
  • to give thanks to heaven: grates agere (dis immortalibus)
    
  • (ambiguous) to have all one's trouble for nothing: rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.)
    
  • to be occupied with business, busy: negotia agere, gerere
    
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
    
  • to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere
    
  • to devote one's life to science, study: aetatem in litteris ducere, agere
    
  • the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam
    
  • to recite a poem, line with appropriate action: carmen, versum agere
    
  • to act a play (said of the actors): fabulam agere
    
  • to play the part of some one: partes agere alicuius
    
  • to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
    
  • to represent a thing dramatically: sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur)
    
  • to gesticulate: gestum (always in the sing.) agere
    
  • the question now is..: nunc id quaeritur, agitur
    
  • to be now jesting, now in earnest: ioca et seria agere
    
  • the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
    
  • to act reasonably, judiciously: prudenter, considerate, consilio agere (opp. temere, nullo consilio, nulla ratione)
    
  • to be moderate in all things, commit no excess: omnia modice agere
    
  • to have no principles: omnia temere agere, nullo iudicio uti
    
  • to thank, glorify the immortal gods: grates, laudes agere dis immortalibus
    
  • to keep, celebrate a festival: diem festum agere (of an individual)
    
  • to take the auspices, observe the flight of birds: augurium agere, auspicari (N. D. 2. 4. 11)
    
  • the house walls are beginning to crack: domus rimas agit
    
  • to live a lonely life: vitam solitariam agere
    
  • how are you: quid agis?
    
  • what is going on? how are you getting on: quid agitur? quid fit?
    
  • to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    
  • to drive to pasture: pastum agere
    
  • to submit a formal proposition to the people: agere cum populo (Leg. 3. 4. 10)
    
  • the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
    
  • to be a leading spirit of the popular cause: populi causam agere
    
  • to play the demagogue: populariter agere
    
  • to hold the census: censum habere, agere (Liv. 3. 22)
    
  • to perform the censors' duties: censuram agere, gerere
    
  • to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
    
  • to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • to convene the assizes (used of a provincial governor): conventus agere (B. G. 1. 54)
    
  • to conduct a person's case (said of an agent, solicitor): causam alicuius agere (apud iudicem)
    
  • a person's life is in jeopardy: caput alicuius agitur (vid. sect. V. 8)
    
  • to crucify: in crucem agere, tollere aliquem
    
  • to set the army in motion: agmen agere
    
  • to mount guard in the camp: vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43)
    
  • to keep watch on the rampart: custodias agere in vallo
    
  • to be on duty before the gates: stationes agere pro portis
    
  • to carry off booty: ferre atque agere praedam
    
  • to advance pent-houses, mantlets: vineas agere (B. G. 3. 21)
    
  • to make mines, subterraneous passages: cuniculos agere (B. G. 3. 21)
    
  • to drive the enemy before one: prae se agere hostem
    
  • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
    
  • to treat with some one about peace: agere cum aliquo de pace
    
  • to row: navem remis agere or propellere
    
  • (ambiguous) I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    
  • (ambiguous) to have all one's trouble for nothing: rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.)
    
  • (ambiguous) it's all over with me; I'm a lost man: actum est de me
    

Further reading

• “ago”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.ɡoː/, [ˈäːɡoː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡo/, [ˈäːɡɔ]

接尾辞

-āgō f (genitive -āginis); third declension

1. 接尾辞ed to nouns, forms nouns describing objects, plants, and animals.

   ‎corium + ‎-āgō → ‎coriāgō

   ‎planta + ‎-āgō → ‎plantāgō

   ‎simila + ‎-āgō → ‎similāgō

   ‎medica + ‎-āgō → ‎Medicāgō

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語