equivalentとは

語源

equi- +‎ -valent. From Latin aequivalentem, accusative singular of aequivalēns, present active participle of aequivaleō (“I am equivalent, have equal power”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/
• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

形容詞

equivalent (comparative more equivalent, superlative most equivalent)

1. Similar or identical in value, meaning or effect; virtually equal.
   • South

     For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent.

   • 2012 March 1, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, page 112-3:

     A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place. Applying a force tangential to the knob is essentially equivalent to applying one perpendicular to a radial line defining the lever.

2. (mathematics) Of two sets, having a one-to-one correspondence; equinumerous.
   • Comprehensive MCQ's in Mathematics, page 3:

     Finite sets A and B are equivalent sets only when n(A) = n(B) i.e., the number of elements in A and B are equal.

   • 1950, E. Kamke, Theory of Sets, page 16:

     All enumerable sets are equivalent to each other, but not to any finite set.

   • 2000, N. L. Carothers, Real Analysis, page 18:

     Equivalent sets should, by rights, have the same "number" of elements. For this reason we sometimes say that equivalent sets have the same cardinality.

   • 2006, Joseph Breuer, Introduction to the Theory of Sets, page 41:

     The equivalence theorem: If both M is equivalent to a subset N₁ of N and N is equivalent to a subset M₁ of M, then the sets M and N are equivalent to each other.

3. (mathematics) Relating to the corresponding elements of an equivalence relation.
4. (chemistry) Having the equal ability to combine.
5. (cartography) Of a map, equal-area.
6. (geometry) Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; applied to magnitudes.

   A square may be equivalent to a triangle.

使用する際の注意点

• In mathematics, this adjective can be used in phrases like "A and B are equivalent", "A is equivalent to B", and, less commonly, "A is equivalent with B".

派生語

• equivalently

名詞

equivalent (複数形 equivalents)

1. Anything that is virtually equal to something else, or has the same value, force, etc.
   • Macaulay

     He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some equivalent.

2. (chemistry) An equivalent weight.

動詞

equivalent (三人称単数 現在形 equivalents, 現在分詞 equivalenting, 過去形および過去分詞形 equivalented)

1. (transitive) To make equivalent to; to equal.