termとは

語源 1

From Middle English terme, from Old French terme, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end, in Medieval Latin also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).

名詞

term (複数形 terms)

1. Limitation, restriction or regulation. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
2. Any of the binding conditions or promises in a legal contract.

   Be sure to read the terms and conditions before signing.

3. That which limits the extent of anything; limit; extremity; bound; boundary.
   • Francis Bacon

     Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms, or boundaries.

4. (geometry, archaic) A point, line, or superficies that limits.

   A line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.

5. A word or phrase, especially one from a specialised area of knowledge.

   "Algorithm" is a term used in computer science.

6. Relations among people.

   We are on friendly terms with each other.

   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 22, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. […] Next day she […] tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and had perhaps spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.

7. Part of a year, especially one of the three parts of an academic year.
8. Duration of a set length; period in office of fixed length.

   He was sentenced to a term of six years in prison.

   near-term, mid-term and long-term goals

   the term allowed to a debtor to discharge his debt

9. (of a patent) The maximum period during which the patent can be maintained into force.
10. (archaic) A menstrual period.
    • 1660, Samuel Pepys, Diary

      My wife, after the absence of her terms for seven weeks, gave me hopes of her being with child, but on the last day of the year she hath them again.

11. (mathematics) Any value (variable または constant) or expression separated from another term by a space or an appropriate character, in an overall expression or table.

    All the terms of this sum cancel out.

    One only term is odd in ( 12; 3; 4 ).

12. (logic) The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.
    • Sir W. Hamilton

      The subject and predicate of a proposition are, after Aristotle, together called its terms or extremes.

13. (astrology) An essential dignity in which unequal segments of every astrological sign have internal rulerships which affect the power and integrity of each planet in a natal chart.
14. (architecture) A quadrangular pillar, adorned on top with the figure of a head, as of a man, woman, or satyr.
15. (nautical) A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of J. Knowles to this entry?)

下位語

• blanket term
• collective term
• umbrella term

派生語

関連する語

参考

• idiom
• lexeme
• listeme
• word

動詞

term (三人称単数 現在形 terms, 現在分詞 terming, 過去形および過去分詞形 termed)

1. To phrase a certain way, especially with an unusual wording.
   • 1867, Charles Sanders Peirce, On a New List of Categories:

     Abstraction or prescision ought to be carefully distinguished from two other modes of mental separation, which may be termed discrimination and dissociation.

   • 2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:

     The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.

形容詞

term (not comparable)

1. (medicine, colloquial) Born or delivered at term.

   term neonate

参照

• term on Wikipedia.

語源 2

Shortening of terminal

名詞

term (複数形 terms)

1. (computing, informal) terminal (computer program that emulates a physical terminal)

語源 3

Short for terminate, termination, terminated employee, etc.

動詞

term (三人称単数 現在形 terms, 現在分詞 terming, 過去形および過去分詞形 termed)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To terminate one's employment

名詞

term (複数形 terms)

1. One whose employment has been terminated

Further reading

• term in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• term in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911