termとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English terme, borrowed from Old French terme, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end; in Medieval Latin, also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).

Doublet of terminus. 古期英語 had termen, from the same source.

名詞

term (複数形 terms)

1. That which limits the extent of anything; limit, extremity, bound, boundary.
   • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] VVilliam Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], OCLC 1044372886:

     Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms, or boundaries.

   • 1817 December​, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, OCLC 1000449192, page 268:

     At the decline of day,
     Winding above the mountain’s snowy term,
     New banners shone: […]

   "Alright, look...we can spend the holidays with your parents, but this time it will be on my terms."

2. A chronological limitation or restriction.

   The term of a lease agreement is the period of time during which the lease is effective, and may be fixed, periodic, or of indefinite duration.

3. Any of the binding conditions or promises in a legal contract.

   Be sure to read the terms and conditions before signing.

4. (geometry, archaic) A point, line, or superficies that limits.

   A line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.

5. A word or phrase, especially one from a specialised area of knowledge.

   "Algorithm" is a term used in computer science.

6. Relations among people.

   We are on friendly terms with each other.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:

     Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. […] Next day she […] tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and had perhaps spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.

7. Part of a year, especially one of the divisions of an academic year.
8. Duration of a set length; period in office of fixed length.

   He was sentenced to a term of six years in prison.

   near-term, mid-term and long-term goals

   the term allowed to a debtor to discharge his debt

   1. The time during which legal courts are open.
   2. Certain days on which rent is paid.
9. With respect to a pregnancy, the period during which birth usually happens (approximately 40 weeks from conception).

   at term, preterm, postterm

10. (of a patent) The maximum period during which the patent can be maintained into force.
11. (archaic) A menstrual period.
    • 1660, Samuel Pepys, Diary

      My wife, after the absence of her terms for seven weeks, gave me hopes of her being with child, but on the last day of the year she hath them again.

12. (mathematics) Any value (variable または constant) or expression separated from another term by a space or an appropriate character, in an overall expression or table.

    All the terms of this sum cancel out.

    One only term is odd in ( 12; 3; 4 ).

13. (logic) The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.
    • 1859–1860, William Hamilton, H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, editors, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, OCLC 648725:

      The subject and predicate of a proposition are, after Aristotle, together called its terms or extremes.

14. (astrology) An essential dignity in which unequal segments of every astrological sign have internal rulerships which affect the power and integrity of each planet in a natal chart.
15. (art) A statue of the upper body, sometimes without the arms, ending in a pillar or pedestal. [from 17th c.]
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

      The pillers that haue bolſtered vp thoſe tearmes,
      Are falne in cluſters at my conquering feet.

    • 1773, Joshua Reynolds, in John Ingamells, John Edgcumbe (eds.), The Letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Yale 2000, p. 42:

      You have been already informed, I have no doubt, of the subject which we have chosen: the adorning a Term of Hymen with festoons of flowers.

16. (nautical) A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail.

    The Cabin is large and commodious, well calculated for the Accommodation of Paſengers. Merchandiſe, Produce, &c. carried on the loweſt Terms.[1]

下位語

• blanket term
• collective term
• umbrella term
• (part of a year): trimester, semester, quarter

派生語

関連する語

参考

• idiom
• lexeme
• listeme
• word

動詞

term (三人称単数 現在形 terms, 現在分詞 terming, 過去形および過去分詞形 termed)

1. To phrase a certain way; to name or call.
   • 1867, Charles Sanders Peirce, On a New List of Categories:

     Abstraction or prescision ought to be carefully distinguished from two other modes of mental separation, which may be termed discrimination and dissociation.

   • 2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:

     The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.

同意語

• describe as, designate, dub, name, refer to; see also Thesaurus:denominate

形容詞

term (not comparable)

1. (medicine, colloquial) Born or delivered at term.

   term neonate

参照

• term on Wikipedia.

語源 2

Clipping of terminal.

名詞

term (複数形 terms)

1. (computing, informal) A computer program that emulates a physical terminal.

語源 3

Short for terminate, termination, terminated employee, etc.

動詞

term (三人称単数 現在形 terms, 現在分詞 terming, 過去形および過去分詞形 termed)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To terminate one's employment

同意語

• axe, fire, sack; see also Thesaurus:lay off

名詞

term (複数形 terms)

1. One whose employment has been terminated

Further reading

• “term” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “term” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.