idiomとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈɪdiəm/, [ˈɪdɪəm], [ˈɪɾiəm]
• 韻: -iəm

名詞

idiom (plural idioms or idiomata) (sometimes used uncountably)

1. A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.

   Synonyms: idiomaticness, idiomaticity

   In English, idiom requires the indefinite article in a phrase such as "she's an engineer", whereas in Spanish, idiom forbids it.

   Some of the usage prescriptions improved clarity and were kept; others that yielded discordant violations of idiom were eventually revised.

   • 1918, James George Frazer, Folk-Lore In The Old Testament, volume 1, page 137:

     The Hebrew phrase (שִׁבְעָה שִׁבְעָה) vii. 2 is commonly understood to mean seven pairs; but in accordance with Hebrew idiom it can only mean seven individuals of each sort.

   1. (programming) A programming construct or phraseology that is characteristic of the language.
      • 2005, Magnus Lie Hetland, Beginning Python: From Novice to Professional, →ISBN, page 100:

        I have to use the same assignment and call to raw_input in two places. How can I avoid that? I can use the while True/break idiom: […]

2. A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context, etc.

   In the idiom of the day, they were sutlers, although today they'd probably be called vendors.

   • 2010 January 13, Christopher Hitchens, “The Other L-Word”, in Vanity Fair:

     Many parents and teachers have become irritated to the point of distraction at the way the weed-style growth of "like" has spread through the idiom of the young.

3. (linguistics) A phrasal expression that is unreliably understood literally, requiring pre-established cultural or domain-specific context to infer its intended meaning.

   She often spoke in idioms, pining for salad days and complaining about pots calling the kettle black.

   • 2008, Patricia Hampl, “You’re History”, in Patricia Hampl, Elaine Tyler May, editors, Tell Me True: Memoir, History, and Writing a Life, Minnesota Historical Society, →ISBN, page 134:

     You’re history, we say […] . Surely it is an American idiom. Impossible to imagine a postwar European saying, “You’re history. . . . That’s history,” meaning fuhgeddaboudit, pal.

4. An artistic style (for example, in art, architecture, or music); an instance of such a style.

   the idiom of the expressionists

同意語

• (language variety): dialect (loosely), language (loosely), languoid, lect, vernacular (loosely)
• (phrase): expression (loosely), form of words (loosely), idiotism, locution (loosely), phrase (loosely)

派生語

関連する語

• idiolect
• idiosyncratic
• idiot

参考

• Category:Idioms by language:
  • Category:English idioms
• phrasal verb

Further reading

• idiom on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “idiom”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “idiom”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “idiom”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• Eugene E. Loos [et al.], editors (2003), “idiom”, in Glossary of Linguistic Terms, Dallas, Tex.: SIL International.

アナグラム

• imido, imido-, modii