idiomとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɪdi.əm/
• 韻: -ɪdi.əm

名詞

idiom (複数形 idioms または idiomata) (sometimes used uncountably)

2. A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.

   In English, idiom requires the indefinite article in a phrase such as "she's an engineer", whereas in Spanish, idiom forbids it.

   Some of the usage prescriptions improved clarity and were kept; others that yielded discordant violations of idiom were eventually revised.

   Synonyms: idiomaticness, idiomaticity

   2. (programming) A programming construct or phraseology that is characteristic of the language.
      • 2005, Magnus Lie Hetland, Beginning Python: From Novice to Professional, →ISBN, page 100:

        I have to use the same assignment and call to raw_input in two places. How can I avoid that? I can use the while True/break idiom: […]

4. A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.

   In the idiom of the day, they were sutlers, although today they'd probably be called vendors.

   • 2010, Christopher Hitchens, "The Other L-Word", Vanity Fair, 13 Jan 2010:

     Many parents and teachers have become irritated to the point of distraction at the way the weed-style growth of "like" has spread through the idiom of the young.

6. An established phrasal expression whose meaning may not be deducible from the literal meanings of its component words.

   She often spoke in idioms, pining for salad days and complaining about pots calling the kettle black.

   • 2008, Patricia Hampl, “You’re History”, in Patricia Hampl and Elaine Tyler May (editors), Tell Me True: Memoir, History, and Writing a Life, Minnesota Historical Society, →ISBN, page 134:

     You’re history, we say […] . Surely it is an American idiom. Impossible to imagine a postwar European saying, “You’re history. . . . That’s history,” meaning fuhgeddaboudit, pal.

8. An artistic style (for example, in art, architecture, または music); an instance of such a style.

   the idiom of the expressionists

同意語

• (language variety): dialect (loosely), language (loosely), languoid, lect, vernacular (loosely)
• (phrase): expression (loosely), form of words (loosely), idiotism, locution (loosely), phrase (loosely)

派生語

関連する語

• idiolect
• idiosyncratic
• idiot

参考

• Category:Idioms by language:
  • Category:English idioms
• phrasal verb

Further reading

• idiom on Wikipedia.
• idiom at OneLook Dictionary Search
• idiom in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• idiom in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
• idiom at SIL International

アナグラム

• imido, imido-, modii