specificとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Old French specifique, from Late Latin specificus (“specific, particular”), from Latin speciēs (“kind”) + faciō (“make”).

発音

• (General American, 英国発音) IPA^(key): /spəˈsɪf.ɪk/, /spɪˈsɪf.ɪk/
• 韻: -ɪfɪk
• ハイフネーション: spe‧cif‧ic

形容詞

specific (comparative more specific, superlative most specific)

2. explicit or definite.
4. (bioscience, taxonomy) pertaining to a species, as a taxon or taxa at the rank of species.
   • 2008, Richard Dawkins, The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing, Oxford 2009, p. 3:

     Science and literature, then, are the two achievements of Homo sapiens that most convincingly justify the specific name.

   Hyponyms: monospecific, multispecific, oligospecific, paucispecific

   Coordinate terms: subspecific, infraspecific, generic, familial

6. special, distinctive or unique.
8. intended for, or applying to, a particular thing.
10. Serving to identify a particular thing (often a disease または condition), with little risk of mistaking something else for it.

    a highly specific test, specific and nonspecific symptoms

11. being a remedy for a particular disease

    Quinine is a specific medicine in cases of malaria.

    • 1830 May 23, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Specific Medicines”, in Specimens of the Table Talk of the Late Samuel Taylor Coleridge, volume I, London: J. Murray, page 147:

      The study of specific medicines is too much disregarded now. No doubt, the hunting after specifics is a mark of ignorance and weakness in medicine, yet the neglect of them is proof also of immaturity ; for, in fact, all medicines will be found specific in the perfection of science.

13. (immunology) limited to a particular antibody or antigen.
15. (physics) of a value divided by mass (e.g. specific orbital energy)
17. (physics) similarly referring to a value divided by any measure which acts to standardize it (e.g. thrust specific fuel consumption, referring to fuel consumption divided by thrust)
19. (physics) a measure compared with a standard reference value by division, to produce a ratio without unit or dimension (e.g. specific refractive index is a pure number, かつ is relative to that of air)

同意語

• (explicit, definite): express, monosemous, unambiguous; see also Thesaurus:explicit
• (special, distinctive または unique): singular; see also Thesaurus:unique
• (intended for a particular thing): peculiar, singular; see also Thesaurus:specific

反意語

• unspecific, nonspecific
• (intended for a particular thing): broad, general, generic, universal; see also Thesaurus:generic

下位語

派生語

参考

• generic

名詞

specific (複数形 specifics)

1. A distinguishing attribute or quality.
2. A remedy for a specific disease or condition.
   • 1831, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Romance and Reality, volume 3, page 201:

     Change of scene, and a new lover, are infallible specifics, always supposing there is no character for constancy to be supported: if I witness the violent sorrow of to-day, I impose upon to-morrow the necessity of being sorry also.

   • 1968, Charles Portis, True Grit:

     I had no unreasonable fear of bats, […] yet I knew them too for carriers of the dread “Hydrophobia,” for which there was no specific.

3. Specification
4. (in the plural) The details; particulars.

Further reading

• “specific” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “specific” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• specific at OneLook Dictionary Search