programとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• programme (see usage notes)

語源

Borrowed from French programme, from Late Latin programma (“a proclamation, edict”), from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma, “a written public notice, an edict”), from προγράφω (prográphō, “to set forth as a public notice”), from πρό (pró, “before”) + γράφω (gráphō, “to write”). Doublet of programma.

発音

• enPR: prōʹgrăm'
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɹəʊ̯ˌɡɹæm/
  • (General American, Canada, without æ-raising) IPA: /ˈpɹoʊ̯ˌɡɹæm/
    • • (æ-raising) IPA: /ˈpɹoʊ̯ˌɡɹeə̯m/, /ˈpɹoʊ̯ˌɡɹɛə̯m/
  • (Australia) IPA: /ˈpɹəʉˌɡɹæm/
• enPR: prōʹgrəm
  • (Southern 米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɹɜʊ̯ɡɹəm/
• ハイフネーション: pro‧gram
• Homophone: programme

名詞

program (plural programs)

1. A set of structured activities; a plan of action.

   Hyponym: curriculum

   Coordinate terms: agenda, schedule

   get with the program

   Our program for today’s exercise class includes swimming and jogging.

2. A leaflet listing information about a play, game or other activity.

   The program consisted of ads for restaurants and the credits of everyone connected with the play.

3. (politics) A set of principal goals which someone, especially a political party or candidate, supports.

   Synonym: platform

   • 1981 February 14, Alexander Wilson, “The New Right Attacks Childhood Sexuality: A Canadian Perspective”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 29, page 6:

     the Toronto Sun, a daily tabloid whose programme is roughly that of the American National Enquirer or the British News of the World

4. (broadcasting) A performance of a show or other broadcast on radio or television.

   Tonight’s program was hosted by Johnny Carson.

5. (computing) A computer program.

   The program runs on both Linux and Microsoft Windows.

6. (especially in the phrase “get with the program”) A particular mindset or method of doing things.
   • 1988, Die Hard:

     Ellis: Come on, John, why don’t you get with the program and tell him where the detonators are?

7. (music, computing) A custom tracklist.

   program playback

   playing tracks in a custom order

使用する際の注意点

• Usage of program and programme:
  • US: program is the only spelling normally used, no matter which sense it is used in.
  • UK: programme is used in all cases except for computer code, in which case program has generally superseded programme since the 1960s. However, programme is still occasionally used for computer code, and some even consider it the only correct spelling also for this meaning.
  • Canada: both program and programme are used, but program is more common.
  • Australia: program is endorsed by the Macquarie Dictionary and is frequently used in both formal and informal settings.
  • New Zealand: programme is favoured by New Zealand dictionaries, and is endorsed by government usage; program is rarely seen outside the computing meaning.
  • Singapore and Malaysia: program and programme are interchangeable (the latter is more common), but only program is used in computing.

同意語

• (broadcast) show
• (leaflet) playbill (for a play)
• (software application) application, computer program

下位語

• space program
• latchkey program
• subprogram

派生語

派生した語

• → Malay: program
• → Tok Pisin: program
• → Thai: โปรแกรม (bproo-grɛm)

動詞

program (third-person singular simple present programs, present participle programming or (rare) programing, simple past and past participle programmed or (rare) programed)

1. (transitive) To enter a program or other instructions into (a computer or other electronic device) to instruct it to do a particular task.

   He programmed the DVR to record his favorite show.

2. (transitive) To develop (software) by writing program code.

   I programmed a small game as a demonstration.

3. (transitive) To put together the schedule of an event.

   Mary will program Tuesday’s festivities.

4. (broadcasting) To schedule the programming; to determine what will be broadcast.
   • 1956, United States. Congress. Senate, Hearings, volume 5, page 2586:

     We program for special audience groups, too, as shown by our Mexican language program each Sunday morning.

5. (transitive) To cause to automatically behave in a particular way.

   The lab rat was programmed to press the lever when the bell rang.

   • 1982 December 18, Andrea Loewenstein, “Soap Author Responds”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 22, page 5:

     My point was not to commend but to expose her, and her way of thinking. In another place a teenage character worries that her stomach is too big. I, the author don't think her stomach is too big—the character does, because she's been programmed that way.

派生語

Further reading

• “program”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “program”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.