publicとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Anglo-Norman publik, public, Middle French public, publique et al., and their source, Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”). Compare people.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈpʌblɪk/
• 韻: -ʌblɪk
• ハイフネーション: pub‧lic

形容詞

public (comparative more public, superlative most public)

1. Able to be seen or known by everyone; open to general view, happening without concealment. [from 14th c.]
   • 2011 April 18, Sandra Laville, The Guardian:

     Earlier this month Godwin had to make a public apology to the family of Daniel Morgan after the collapse of a £30m inquiry into his murder in 1987.

   • 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:

     Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […].  Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.

2. Pertaining to the people as a whole (as opposed to a private group); concerning the whole country, community etc. [from 15th c.]
   • 2010, Adam Vaughan, The Guardian, 16 Sep 2010:

     A mere 3% of the more than 1,000 people interviewed said they actually knew what the conference was about. It seems safe to say public awareness of the Convention on Biological Awareness in Nagoya - and its goal of safeguarding wildlife - is close to non-existent.

   • 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎^[1], volume 188, number 23, page 19:

     In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […]  The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

3. Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the state on behalf of the community. [from 15th c.]
   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:

     From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.

   • 2004, The Guardian, Leader, 18 Jun 2004:

     But culture's total budget is a tiny proportion of all public spending; it is one of the government's most visible success stories.

4. Open to all members of a community; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. [from 15th c.]
   • 2011, David Smith, The Guardian, 10 May 2011:

     Some are left for dead on rubbish tips, in refuge bags or at public toilets.

   • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:

     Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.

5. (of a company) Traded publicly via a stock market.
6. (not comparable, object-oriented programming) Accessible to the program in general, not only to the class or any subclasses.

反意語

• private

派生語

関連する語

名詞

public (複数形 publics)

1. The people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.

   Members of the public may not proceed beyond this point.

   • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Tremarn Case‎^[2]:

     “Two or three months more went by ; the public were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this semi-exotic claimant to an English peerage, and sensations, surpassing those of the Tichbourne case, were looked forward to with palpitating interest. […] ”

   • 2007 May 4, Martin Jacques, The Guardian

     Bush and Blair stand condemned by their own publics and face imminent political extinction.

2. (public relations) A particular group or demographic to be targeted.
   • 2005, Donald Treadwell, ‎Jill B. Treadwell, Public Relations Writing: Principles in Practice (page 19)

     To the extent that you will use them to reach many other publics, the news media will also be one of your publics.

3. (archaic) A public house; an inn.
   • 1824 June, [Walter Scott], Redgauntlet, […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., OCLC 926803915:

     these inconsiderate lads will be out of the house, and away to the publics, wasting their precious time , and

派生語

• antipublic
• general public
• Joe Public
• John Q. Public
• member of the public
• public relations
• public-spirited

参照

• public at OneLook Dictionary Search
• public in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “public” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “public” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.