totalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 total, from Old French total, from Medieval Latin tōtālis, from tōtus (“all, whole, entire”) +‎ -ālis, the former element of unknown origin. Perhaps related to Oscan 𐌕𐌏𐌖𐌕𐌏 (touto, “community, city-state”), Umbrian 𐌕𐌏𐌕𐌀𐌌 (totam, “tribe”, acc.), 古期英語 þēod (“a nation, people, tribe”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”). More at English Dutch, English thede.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtəʊ.təl/
• (General American) enPR: tōʹtl, IPA: /ˈtoʊ.təl/, [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ], [tʰɔɾɫ]
• 韻: -əʊtəl

名詞

total (plural totals)

1. An amount obtained by the addition of smaller amounts.

   A total of £145 was raised by the bring-and-buy stall.

2. (informal, mathematics) Sum.

   The total of 4, 5 and 6 is 15.

同意語

• (sum): sum

参考

Other terms used in arithmetic operations:

Advanced hyperoperations: tetration, pentation, hexation

形容詞

total (comparative more total, superlative most total)

1. Entire; relating to the whole of something.

   The total book is rubbish from start to finish.  The total number of votes cast is 3,270.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, […]. Even such a boat as the Mount Vernon offered a total deck space so cramped as to leave secrecy or privacy well out of the question, even had the motley and democratic assemblage of passengers been disposed to accord either.

   • 1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 145:

     Each member brought a unique musical influence to the total sound.

   • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.

2. (used as an intensifier) Complete; absolute.

   He is a total failure.

   • 1942 November 21, A Tale of Two Kitties, spoken by Tweety:

     Air waid! Wights out! Total bwackout!

3. (mathematics, of a function) Defined on all possible inputs.

   The Ackermann function is one of the simplest and earliest examples of a total computable function that is not primitive recursive.

4. (mathematics, more generally, of a relation R on X × Y) Left total: Such that for every x in X there is a y in Y with x R y.
5. (mathematics, of a partial order ≤) Such that any two elements are comparable, i.e. for all a and b, either a ≤ b, or b ≤ a.

   Hyponyms: connected, complete, strongly connected

同意語

• (entire): entire, full, whole; see also Thesaurus:entire
• (complete): absolute, complete, utter; see also Thesaurus:total

動詞

total (third-person singular simple present totals, present participle (UK) totalling or (US) totaling, simple past and past participle (UK) totalled or (US) totaled)

1. (transitive) To add up; to calculate the sum of.

   Synonym: sum

   When we totalled the takings, we always got a different figure.

2. To equal a total of; to amount to.

   Synonym: make

   That totals seven times so far.

3. (transitive, US, slang) To demolish; to wreck completely. (from total loss)

   Synonyms: demolish, trash, wreck

   Honey, I’m OK, but I’ve totaled the car.

   • 1972, Frank Zappa, “Billy the Mountain”:

     He acted real funny / He hocked up a rock and / It totaled my car!

4. (intransitive) To amount to; to add up to.

   It totals nearly a pound.

派生語

アナグラム

• lotta