Dutchとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (abbreviation): Du.

語源

From Middle English Duch (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Middle Low German dütsch, düdesch (“German, Low German, Dutch”) and Middle Dutch dūtsch, duutsc (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of one’s people”), derived from *þeudō (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂. Doublet of Deutsch and tuath.

Compare Middle English thedisch (“native, endemic”) from 古期英語 þēodisċ (“of one’s people”), Old Saxon thiudisk (German Low German düütsch (“German”)), Old High German diutisc (modern German deutsch (“German”)), modern Dutch Duits (“German”) alongside elevated Diets (“Dutch”) (a secondary distinction, fully accepted only in the 19th century). See also Derrick, Teuton, Teutonic.

The pejorative sense is said to come from the ingenuity of poor Germanic immigrants settling in the Anglosphere in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

発音

• enPR: dŭch, IPA^(key): /dʌt͡ʃ/
• 韻: -ʌtʃ

形容詞

Dutch (not comparable)

1. Of or pertaining to the Netherlands, the Dutch people or the Dutch language.
2. (archaic, regional, fossil word) Pertaining to Germanic-speaking peoples on the European continent, chiefly the Dutch, the Germans, and the Goths; Teutonic; Germanic. Especially refers to Germans, and specific use to established German-speaking communities in parts of the USA.
3. (obsolete, fossil word, derogatory) Substitute, inferior, ersatz.
4. (dated) Thrifty.
5. (South Africa, derogatory, ethnic slur) Pertaining to Afrikaner culture (Cape Dutch).

派生語

固有名詞

Dutch

1. The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.
   • 2003, Anthony F. Buccini, "Ab errore liberato". The Northern Expansion of Frankish Power in the Merovingian Period and the Genesis of the Dutch Language, in: Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik: Band 57 — 2003: Quod vulgo dicitur: Studien zum Altniederländischen, volume edited by Willy Pijnenburg, Arend Quak, Tanneke Schoonheim, here p. 183:

     According to this view, Dutch is a descendant of Old (West) Low Franconian and [...]

2. (archaic) German; the main language of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany, Austria, Alsace, Luxembourg).
3. A male given name, more often given as a nickname to someone of Dutch or German ancestry than as an official given name

同意語

(language of Netherlands かつ Flanders):

• Netherlandic, Netherlandish

Holonyms

(language of Netherlands かつ Flanders):

• Low Franconian

派生語

派生した語

• → Hindi: डच (ḍac)

名詞

Dutch pl (複数形 only)

1. (collective) The people of the Netherlands, or one of certain ethnic groups descending from the people of the Netherlands.

   The Dutch will vote on the matter next month.

   In upstate New York, the Dutch continued to speak their language into the nineteenth century.

2. (collective, South Africa, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Afrikaner people (Cape Dutch).
3. (collective) The Pennsylvania Dutch people.

下位語

派生語

関連する語

動詞

Dutch (三人称単数 現在形 Dutches, 現在分詞 Dutching, 過去形および過去分詞形 Dutched)

1. To treat cocoa beans or powder with an alkali solution to darken the color and lessen the bitterness of the flavor.
   • 2015, Deb Wise, Incredibly Decadent Desserts: 100 Divine Treats Under 300 Calories:

     Dutch processed is made from cocoa beans that have been treated with an alkalized solution. You'll get a deeper color and a great chocolaty flavor, but more importantly, the process of Dutching the chocolate renders the powder neutral.

参考

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Dutch terms
• Appendix:Dutch Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Dutch

Further reading

• Dutch - English Dictionary: from Webster's Dictionary - the Rosetta Edition.
• ISO 639-1 code nl, ISO 639-3 code nld (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Dutch, nld ⁠