cultureとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”), from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, worship”) (related to colōnus かつ colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɚ/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/

名詞

culture (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 cultures)

1. The arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation.
   • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 125:

     Castration of bulls was a socialization process that turned a bull into an ox; in this transformation something wild became something very useful; nature became culture.

   • 2013 September 7, “Farming as rocket science”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8852:

     Such differences of history and culture have lingering consequences. Almost all the corn and soyabeans grown in America are genetically modified. GM crops are barely tolerated in the European Union. Both America and Europe offer farmers indefensible subsidies, but with different motives.

2. The beliefs, values, behaviour and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.
3. The conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society.
   • 2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:

     Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution.

4. (anthropology) Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings.
5. (botany) Cultivation.
   • http://counties.cce.cornell.edu/suffolk/grownet/flowers/sprgbulb.htm

     The Culture of Spring-Flowering Bulbs

6. (microbiology) The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium.
7. The growth thus produced.

   I'm headed to the lab to make sure my cell culture hasn't died.

8. A group of bacteria.
9. (cartography) The details on a map that do not represent natural features of the area delineated, such as names and the symbols for towns, roads, meridians, and parallels.
10. (archaeology) A recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society.
11. (euphemistic) Ethnicity, race (かつ its associated arts, customs, etc.)

派生語

関連する語

• agriculture

動詞

culture (三人称単数 現在形 cultures, 現在分詞 culturing, 過去形および過去分詞形 cultured)

1. (transitive) to maintain in an environment suitable for growth (especially of bacteria) (compare cultivate)
2. (transitive) to increase the artistic or scientific interest (in something) (compare cultivate)

関連する語

参照

• culture at OneLook Dictionary Search
• culture in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• "culture" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 87.
• “culture” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

語源

Taken as the last part of agriculture (from Latin agricultura, from ager (“field”) + cultura (“cultivation”)) and used to create terms for other kinds of cultivation.

接尾辞

-culture

1. Denotes a breeding or growing practice.

   aviculture, horticulture, viniculture

派生語