Inとは

意味・読み方・使い方

接尾辞

-in

1. (biochemistry) Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin).
   1. a neutral chemical compound

      albumin, casein, chitin, pepsin, saponin

   2. an enzyme

      renin, pancreatin

   3. an antibiotic

      penicillin, streptomycin

   4. a pharmaceutical product

      cobalamin, niacin, vitamin

派生語

語源 2

Clipping of -ing.

別の表記

• -in’

接尾辞

-in

1. (proscribed, dialect or eye 方言) Alternative form of -ing

アナグラム

• N.I., NI, ni

語源

Alternate pronunciation of -ing with /n/ instead of /ŋ/. It is derived from two sources:

• the 古期英語 present participle suffix -ende;
• the 古期英語 verbal noun suffix -ung/-ing.

The two 古期英語 suffixes became confused in Modern English, due at least partly to the practice of spelling them both as -ing.

接尾辞

-in'

1. (proscribed, eye 方言) Alternative form of -ing
   • 1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, page 31:

     "Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."

使用する際の注意点

• In speech, the difference between the pronunciations /ɪŋ/ and /ɪn/ is usually one of formality. Most speakers tend to use /ɪŋ/ in more formal situations and /ɪn/ in less formal situations. However, some speakers can either use mainly /ɪŋ/ or mainly /ɪn/ regardless of the situation.
• In writing, both the /ɪŋ/ and the /ɪn/ pronunciations are usually spelled -ing. When writers use -in', as in makin', they are emphasizing the informality of the situation (または attempting, however accurately, to show the social status of the speaker).
• The [ɪn] pronunciation is more common for present participles and less common for verbal nouns.

参考

• -ed

アナグラム

• N.I., NI, ni

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

動詞

i'n

1. (slang, Britain, West Country) isn't

アナグラム

• N.I., NI, ni

発音

• (強勢)
  • (Received 発音, General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ĭn, IPA^(key): /ɪn/
  • (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘn/
• (弱勢)
  • (Received 発音) enPR: ĭn, IPA^(key): /ɪn/
  • (General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ən, IPA^(key): /ən/
  • (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘn/
• 韻: -ɪn
• Homophone: inn

語源 1

From Middle English in, from 古期英語 in, from Proto-Germanic *in (whence German in, Dutch in, Danish かつ Norwegian i), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én, whence also Latin in, Irish i, Welsh yn, Ancient Greek ἐν (en) (modern Greek εν (en)), Old Armenian ի (i), Old Church Slavonic въ(н) (vŭ(n)), Russian в (v), Old Prussian en, Lithuanian į.

前置詞

A ship in a bottle.

A dog in a sink.

in

1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
   1. Contained by.

      The dog is in the kennel. pickles in a jar

   2. Within the bounds or limits of.

      living in the city; a tree in the park

      • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

        GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory.

   3. Surrounded by; among; amidst.

      We are in the enemy camp.   Her plane is in the air.

   4. Part of; a member of; out of; from among.

      One in a million.   She's in band and orchestra.

   5. Pertaining to; with regard to.

      What grade did he get in English?

      Military letters should be formal in tone, but not stilted.

   6. During (a period of time).

      in the first week of December;  Easter falls in the fourth lunar month;   The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.

   7. Within a certain elapsed time; by the end of.

      Are you able to finish this in three hours?   The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.

   8. At the end of a period of time.

      They said they would call us in a week.

   9. (grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.

      English nouns in -ce form their plurals in -s.

2. Into.
   • 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:

     The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest - an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.

   Less water gets in your boots this way.

3. Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4

     In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.

   In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.

   1. Indicating an order or arrangement.

      My fat rolls around in folds.

   2. Denoting a state of the subject.

      He stalked away in anger.   John is in a coma.

   3. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (または something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.

      You've got a friend in me.   He's met his match in her.

   4. Wearing (an item of clothing).

      I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.

4. Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
   1. (of something offered または given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.

      Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.

      The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.

      Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.

      • 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:

        […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.

   2. Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.

      Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.

      His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.

      When you write in cursive, it's illegible.

下位語

• in-memory

派生語

関連する語

動詞

in (三人称単数 現在形 ins, 現在分詞 inning, 過去形および過去分詞形 inned)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
2. (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
   • c. 1604–1605, William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:

     He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.

語源 2

From Middle English in, from 古期英語 inn and inne.

副詞

in (not comparable)

1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or the office, or inside something.

   Is Mr. Smith in?

2. Moving to the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.

   Suddenly a strange man walked in.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

3. (sports) Still eligible to play, e.g. able to bat in cricket and baseball.

   He went for the wild toss but wasn't able to stay in.

4. (Britain) Abbreviation of in aid of.

   What's that in?

5. After the beginning of something.
   • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.

名詞

in (複数形 ins)

1. A position of power or a way to get it.

   His parents got him an in with the company.

2. (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is in; especially, one who is in office.

   Antonym: out

   • 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World (page 192)

     This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]

3. (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.
4. A re-entrant angle; a nook or corner.

反意語

• out

形容詞

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

1. In fashion; popular.

   Skirts are in this year.

2. Incoming.

   the in train

3. (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
4. (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin.

   in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)

5. (cricket) Currently batting.
6. Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.
   • 2010, Joe R. Lansdale, Flaming Zeppelins: The Adventures of Ned the Seal, page 123:

     “ […] He […] took a rifle out of the batch and shot at me. I was lucky he was such a crummy shot.”
     “Why would he do that?”
     “I think he's in with them, Doctor.”
     “Them? You mean Ned and Cody?”
     “All of them. Hickok, the split tail, the whole lot.”

名詞

in (複数形 ins または in)

1. Abbreviation of inch; inches.

参照

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

アナグラム

• N.I., NI, ni

Latin

別の表記

• endo, indu (Old Latin)

語源

From Old Latin en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐν (en), Old Prussian en and 古期英語 in (English in).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /in/, [ɪn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /in/

前置詞

in (+ accusative, ablative)

1. (+ ablative) in, at, on, upon, from (space)
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • Seneca

     venenum in auro bibitur

     Poison is drunk from a gold cup.

2. (+ dative) within, while in (time)
3. (+ accusative) into, to
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:

     De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

     On the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

4. (+ accusative) about
5. (+ accusative) according to
6. (+ accusative) against

反意語

• ex

派生語

派生した語

引用

• For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:in.

語源 1

From Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

発音

• IPA^(key): /in/

前置詞

in (Anglian)

1. in

同意語

• on

派生語

• inlīċ
• inlīċe

派生した語

• Middle English: in
  • English: in
  • Scots: in

語源 2

From Proto-Germanic *inn.

副詞

in

1. Alternative form of inn