exとは

意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

ex (複数形 exes)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter X.

派生語

• exray
• ex-ray

参考

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed

語源 2

From the fact that crossing something out often results in the shape of the letter X.

動詞

ex (三人称単数 現在形 exes, 現在分詞 exing, 過去形および過去分詞形 exed)

1. To delete; to cross out

語源 3

Standalone use of prefix ex-

名詞

ex (複数形 exes)

1. (colloquial) A former partner or spouse, usually short for ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife or ex-husband.

   Her ex is still sending her flowers, even though she has moved on.

形容詞

ex (not comparable)

1. Ex-, former, previously but no longer.

語源 4

From Latin ex (“out of, from”); originated as a telegraphic abbreviation

形容詞

ex (not comparable)

1. (rail transport, of a train) the place the train originated from or called at prior to the present location.
   • 1885, F. A. Marindin, quoting Arthur Oakes, Henry G. Calcraft, editor, Annual Reports, Returns, Etc‎^[1], page 96:

     When between the station and the junction I was looking to the rear of the train on the near side, thinking it possible that we might receive a signal from the guard to shunt at Swindon junction to allow the 2.27 a.m. fast train ex Derby to pass, but the guard did not give any signal

   • 1921, John Hope Fellows, editor, The Locomotive News and Railway Contractor, Volumes 8-10‎^[2], Locomotive news agency, page 34:

     The train was the 12.40 p.m. ex Derby on January 14th, 1914

   • 2003 February 11, Fat Richard, “Re: Chiltern not stopping at Warwick Parkway”, in uk.railway, Usenet‎^[3], retrieved 11 June 2018, message-ID <2a1e76b8-185c-4b27-a8d2-6f3f3331f6cd@dp10g2000vbb.googlegroups.com>:

     All trains from start of service up to the 13.57 ex Norwich (16.45 ex Nottingham) are 4 cars between Nottingham and Liverpool and all East bound trains are 4 cars from Liverpool Lime Street as far as Nottingham.

   • 2016 March 17, Derek Jones, “South East Bus Festival, Detling, 2 April 2016”, in Invicta Newsgroup, Usenet‎^[4], retrieved 11 June 2018, message-ID <CAJ9GgXJNSabs=QsEzzf-tCXQcXPdZyRZgiEtk9J3e8ToRs+ctg@mail.gmail.com>:

     The outward timing is: Ashford International railway station (domestic side) *departs at 09.25hrs* (connecting with the 07.32 ex Brighton *Marshlink* train かつ, 08.37 ex London St. Pancras International *HS1* train)

使用する際の注意点

• ex is always followed by a location and frequently preceded by a time or other identifier of the specific train. The time may be either the time it was scheduled to depart the given location or the time it was scheduled to pass the current location.

語源 5

Clipping of expensive.

形容詞

ex (comparative more ex, superlative most ex)

1. (Singapore, colloquial) expensive, dear

   It's too ex.

アナグラム

• XE, xe

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [ɛks̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [ɛks]

語源 1

(This etymology is missing または incomplete. Please add to it, または discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

名詞

ex f (indeclinable)

1. A name of the letter X.

使用する際の注意点

• Multiple Latin names for the letter X, x have been suggested. The most common are ix or īx, ex, or a syllabic x, although there is some evidence which also supports such names for the letter as xē and xə.

同意語

• (name of the letter X): ix, īx

等位語

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

参照

• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

語源 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex) or ἐκ (ek), Old Irish ess-, a, ass, Lithuanian ìš and Old Church Slavonic из (iz).

前置詞

ex (+ ablative)

1. out of, from

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes apocopated with compensatory lengthening as ē. In cases where the following ablative noun begins with a vowel or h, only ex is used. Besides that, there are no rules for the use of either ē or ex, with both forms even used in the same sentence (e.g. "qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt”, Cicero, Republic 6, 14).

反意語

• in

派生語

• dēex
• ex-
• exter
• ex librīs

派生した語

• Portuguese: eis

参照

• ex in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ex in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ex in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• ex in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[5], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to stand out of the water: ex aqua exstare
    
  • to come to the surface: (se) ex aqua emergere
    
  • to draw off water from a river: aquam ex flumine derivare
    
  • the Rhine rises in the Alps: Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus
    
  • the tide is coming in: aestus ex alto se incitat (B. G. 3.12)
    
  • to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
    
  • to return from a journey: ex itinere redire
    
  • to leave a place: discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo
    
  • to leave a place: egredi loco; excedere ex loco
    
  • to quit a place for ever: decedere loco, de, ex loco
    
  • to dismount: descendere ex equo
    
  • the Nile rushes down from very high mountains: Nilus praecipitat ex altissimis montibus
    
  • to rush out of the house: se proripere ex domo
    
  • since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
    
  • to wrest from a person's hand: ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid
    
  • to go out of sight, disappear: abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius
    
  • a native of England: ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis
    
  • to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man: ex pueris excedere
    
  • to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
    
  • to recover from a disease: ex morbo convalescere (not reconvalescere)
    
  • to sleep soundly (from fatigue): arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)
    
  • to depart this life: (ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire
    
  • to depart this life: de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare
    
  • concatenation, interdependence of causes: rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae
    
  • important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent
    
  • to originate in, arise from: ex aliqua re nasci, manare
    
  • to accrue in great abundance: ex aliqua re redundare (in または ad aliquid)
    
  • untold advantages arise from a thing: utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re
    
  • these things have the same origin: haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant
    
  • from every point of view; looked at in every light: omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus
    
  • to a certain extent: aliqua ex parte
    
  • to depend upon a thing: pendēre ex aliqua re
    
  • to be composed of; to consist of: constare ex aliqua re
    
  • it is evident from..: cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re)
    
  • to let success slip through one's fingers: fortunam ex manibus dimittere
    
  • his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re
    
  • to rescue from peril: aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare
    
  • to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
    
  • to be of use: usui or ex usu esse
    
  • to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
    
  • (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
    
  • to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces: benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re)
    
  • according to a man's deserts: ex, pro merito
    
  • as one would wish; to one's mind: ex sententia
    
  • I heard him say..: ex eo audivi, cum diceret
    
  • to derive pleasure from a thing: voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere
    
  • to recruit oneself, seek relaxation: animum relaxare, reficere, recreare or simply se reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re)
    
  • to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re
    
  • to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
    
  • to relieve a man of his scruple: scrupulum ex animo alicuius evellere (Rosc. Am. 2. 6)
    
  • according to my strong conviction: ex animi mei sententia (vid. sect. XI. 2)
    
  • to put off from one day to another: diem ex die ducere, differre
    
  • from memory; by heart: ex memoria (opp. de scripto)
    
  • the memory of this will never fade from my mind: numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet
    
  • a thing escapes, vanishes from the memory: aliquid excidit e memoria, effluit, excidit ex animo
    
  • to choose one from a large number of instances: ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
    
  • to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
    
  • systematic succession, concatenation: continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9)
    
  • to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re
    
  • to draw a conclusion from a thing: concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re
    
  • it follows from this that..: sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut
    
  • it follows from this that..: ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut
    
  • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere
    
  • there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
    
  • profound sentiments: sententiae reconditae ex exquisitae (Brut. 97. 274)
    
  • to read a speech: de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria)
    
  • to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
    
  • what follows has been translated into Latin from Plato's Phaedo: ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa sunt
    
  • to extract a word from some one: verbum ex aliquo elicere
    
  • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (または simply ei)
    
  • to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word): vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex...
    
  • to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum)
    
  • to take pleasure in a thing: laetitiam capere or percipere ex aliqua re
    
  • I am pained, vexed, sorry: doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re
    
  • to be vexed about a thing: dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re
    
  • to undergo severe trouble, trials: magnum luctum haurire (without ex-)
    
  • to feel sorrow about a thing: luctum percipere ex aliqua re
    
  • to recover from one's fright: ex metu se recreare, se colligere
    
  • to stifle, repress all humane sentiments in one's mind: omnem humanitatem ex animo exstirpare (Amic. 13. 48)
    
  • to love deeply: aliquem ex animo or ex animi sententia amare (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 5)
    
  • to banish love from one's mind: amorem ex animo eicere
    
  • to banish all feeling of prejudice from the mind: suspicionem ex animo delere
    
  • to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem
    
  • to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever: nihil ex pristina virtute remittere
    
  • to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re
    
  • to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
    
  • I swear on my conscience: ex animi mei sententia iuro
    
  • sole heir; heir to three-quarters of the estate: heres ex asse, ex dodrante
    
  • heir to two-thirds of the property: heres ex besse
    
  • according to my custom: ex consuetudine mea (opp. praeter consuetudinem)
    
  • according to traditional usage: ex instituto (Liv. 6. 10. 6)
    
  • to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines): magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere
    
  • the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent: fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7)
    
  • to make profit out of a thing: lucrum facere (opp. damnum facere) ex aliqua re
    
  • to get out of debt: ex aere alieno exire
    
  • to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position: aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare (Dom. 37. 98)
    
  • to raise oneself by another's fall: crescere ex aliquo
    
  • to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself: crescere ex invidia senatoria
    
  • to use some one's unpopularity as a means of making oneself popular: ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere (Liv. 22. 26)
    
  • owing to political dissension: ex rei publicae dissensione
    
  • to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
    
  • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
    
  • to deliver the state from a tyranny: rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a or ex dominatione
    
  • the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
    
  • to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
    
  • justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
    
  • to make a sally, sortie from the town: eruptionem facere ex oppido
    
  • to make a sally, sortie from the town: crebras ex oppido excursiones facere (B. G. 2. 30)
    
  • to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare
    
  • soldiers routed and dispersed: ex (in) fuga dissipati or dispersi (B. G. 2. 24)
    
  • to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
    
  • to triumph over some one: triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)
    
  • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
    
  • according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere
    
  • the ships sail from the harbour: naves ex portu solvunt
    
  • the ships sail out on a fair wind: ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
    
  • the storm drives some one on an unknown coast: procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
    
  • to land, disembark: exire ex, de navi
    
  • much damage was done by this collision: ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum
    
  • from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet
    
  • from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo perspicuum est
    

接尾辞

-ex

1. Used to construct company and product names that borrow meaning from the root word.

派生語

• Kardex
• Kleenex
• Lurex
• Memorex
• Timex

アナグラム

• xe

語源

From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).

接頭辞

ex-

1. out of

   extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion

2. outside

   exterior, ex-directory

3. former, but still living (almost always used with a hyphen)

   ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife

4. (biology) Lacking.

   excaudate, exstipulate

同意語

• (former): then-

反意語

• in-, im-

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate).

派生語

参考

参考

• e-
• ex
• exo-
• extra-

アナグラム

• XE, xe

Latin

別の表記

• ē- (before b, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, または v)
• ec-, ef- (before f)

語源

The preposition ex, ē used in combination.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [ɛks̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [ɛks]

接頭辞

ex-

1. out, away

   ‎ē- + ‎veniō → ‎ēveniō

   ‎ex- + ‎clāmō → ‎exclāmō

   ‎ex- + ‎eō → ‎exeō

2. throughout

   ‎ē- + ‎dormiō → ‎ēdormiō

   ‎ē- + ‎pōtō → ‎ēpōtō

4. (intensive) thoroughly

   ‎ē- + ‎dūrus → ‎ēdūrō

   ‎ex- + ‎acuō → ‎exacuō

5. denoting achievement

   ‎ex- + ‎ōrō → ‎exōrō

   ‎ex- + ‎pugnō → ‎expugnō

6. up

   ‎ex- + ‎aggerō → ‎exaggerō

   ‎ex- + ‎struō → ‎exstruō

7. denoting privation

   ‎ex- + ‎anima → ‎exanimō

   ‎ex- + ‎sanguis → ‎exsanguis

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “ex-” on pages 629–630 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

アナグラム

• xe