timeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• tyme (“obsolete”)

語源

From 中期英語 tyme, time, from 古期英語 tīma (“time, period, space of time, season, lifetime, fixed time, favorable time, opportunity”), from Proto-West Germanic *tīmō, from Proto-Germanic *tīmô (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂imō, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to divide”). Related to tide. Not related to Latin tempus.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: tīm, IPA: /taɪm/, [tʰaɪ̯m]
• (General Australian) IPA: /tɑɪm/, [tʰɑe̯m]
• (Local Dublin) IPA: /təɪm/
• (Canada) IPA: /taɪm/
  • (Dialectal) IPA: /tʌɪm/, [təi̯m]
• Homophone: thyme (most accent)
• 韻: -aɪm

名詞

time (countable and uncountable, plural times)

1. (uncountable) The inevitable progression into the future with the passing of present and past events.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:time

   Time stops for nobody.   the ebb and flow of time

   • 1937, Delmore Schwartz, Calmly We Walk Through This April's Day‎:

     Time is the fire in which we burn.

   • 2023 May 26, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, 0:40 from the start, in Zelenskyy surprises the Johns Hopkins commencement ceremony‎, MSNBC, archived from the original on 26 May 2023:

     One of the most common truisms on Earth is the advice to value or at least not waste time. Why has it become so widespread? Every person eventually realizes that time is the most valuable resource on the planet. Not oil or uranium. Not lithium or anything else, but time. Time. The very flow of time convinces us of this. Some people realize this sooner, and these are the lucky ones. Others realize it too late when they lose someone or something. People cannot avoid it, this is just a matter of time. But there is a fundamental difference that comes down to the question of time. The time of your life is under your control. The time of life of our force on the front line, the time of life of all Ukrainians who are forced to live through this terrible Russian aggression unfortunately is subject to many factors that are not all in their control. I do not wish anyone to feel like they are in my shoes, and it's impossible to give a manual on how to go through life so as not to waste time. However, one piece of advice always works. You have to know exactly why you need today and how you want your tomorrows to look like.

   1. (uncountable) The feeling of the passage of events and their relative duration, as experienced by an individual.

      Time flies when you're having fun.

   2. (physics, usually uncountable) A dimension of spacetime with the opposite metric signature to space dimensions; the fourth dimension.

      Both science-fiction writers and physicists have written about travel through time.

      • 1895 May 29, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The Time Machine: An Invention, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC, page 31:

        So long as I travelled at a high velocity through time, this scarcely mattered; I was, so to speak, attenuated – was slipping like a vapour through the interstices of intervening substances!

      • 1999, Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory, W. W. Norton & Company, published 2010, →ISBN, page 204:

        We all have a visceral understanding of what it means for the universe to have multiple space dimensions, since we live in a world in which we constantly deal with a plurality — three. But what would it mean to have multiple times? Would one align with time as we presently experience it psychologically while the other would somehow be "different"?

   3. (physics, uncountable) Change associated with the second law of thermodynamics; the physical and psychological result of increasing entropy.

      Time slows down when you approach the speed of light.

      • 1992, Roger Highfield, Peter Coveney, Arrow of Time, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 179:

        Given the connection between increasing entropy and the arrow of time, does the Big Crunch mean that time would run backwards as soon as collapse began?

      • 2012, Robert Zwilling, Natural Sciences and Human Thought, Springer Science+Business Media, →ISBN, page 80:

        Eventually time would also die because no processes would continue, no light would flow.

   4. (physics, uncountable, reductionist definition) The property of a system which allows it to have more than one distinct configuration.

      An essential definition of time should entail neither speed nor direction, just change.

2. A duration of time.
   1. (uncountable) A quantity of availability of duration.

      More time is needed to complete the project.

      You had plenty of time, but you waited until the last minute.

      Are you finished yet? Time’s up!

      • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond‎, London, page 7:

        During the whole time of his abode in the Univerſity he generally ſpent 13 hours of the day in Study ; […]

      • 2021, Lisa Miller, chapter 2, in The Awakened Brain, →ISBN, page 37:

        The teacher greeted us and moved methodically through the room, placing an object on each student's desk. It was a thin book―a spiral-bound planner. She strode to the front of the room. "If you want to succeed," she said, her syllables clear and careful, "you must learn to manage your time."

   2. (countable) A measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical or general indication of a length of progression.

      a long time

      Record the individual times for the processes in each batch.

      Only your best time is compared with the other competitors.

      The algorithm runs in O(n) time.

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 1:

        I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I will have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I left New York for the West.

      • 1938, Richard Hughes, In Hazard‎, London: Chatto & Windus, page 248:

        The shock of the water, of course, woke him, and he swam for quite a time.

   3. (uncountable, slang) The serving of a prison sentence.

      The judge leniently granted a sentence with no hard time.

      He is not living at home because he is doing time.

      • 1994, Dana Stabenow, A Cold-Blooded Business, →ISBN, page 64:

        Arrested on duty at Fort Richardson, both parents had worked hard at blaming the other for their son’s death, but Kate’s meticulous recording of the detail of the bruising found on the child’s body and the physical evidence surrounding the scene, plus patient, painstaking interviews with neighbors above and below stairs had resulted in time for both.

      • 2006, Noire [pseudonym], chapter 108, in Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, "Ain’t gone be no Rikers Island for you next time," I warned him. "You get tapped on another gun charge and you looking at some upstate time."/mode/1up pages "Ain’t gone be no Rikers Island for you next time," I warned him. "You get tapped on another gun charge and you looking at some upstate time.":
   4. (countable) An experience.

      We had a wonderful time at the party.

   5. (countable) An era; (articulated, sometimes in the plural) the current era, the current state of affairs.

      Roman times

      the time of the dinosaurs

      That’s the way things were in those times.

      • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 259, column 1:

        The time is out of ioynt: O curſed ſpight,
        That euer I was borne to ſet it right.

      • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (science fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Eden Prime:

        Dr. Manuel: You're wasting your time. The age of humanity is over. Our extinction is inevitable.[...]
        Shepard: I don't have time for this.
        Dr. Manuel: Time? Our time is over.

   6. (uncountable with possessive) A person's youth or young adulthood, as opposed to the present day.

      In my time, we respected our elders.

   7. (only in singular, sports and figuratively) Time out; temporary, limited suspension of play.
3. An instant of time.
   1. (uncountable) The duration of time of a given day that has passed; the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device.

      Excuse me, have you got the time?

      What time is it, do you guess? Ten o’clock?

      A computer keeps time using a clock battery.

      They will be asleep by this time, don'tcha think?

      • 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children’s brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:

        Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

   2. (countable) A particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something (especially with prepositional phrase or imperfect subjunctive).

      it’s time for (you to go to) bed;  it’s time to sleep;  we must wait for the right time;  it's time we were going

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

        The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.

      • 2013 June 7, Joseph Stiglitz, “Globalisation is about taxes too”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 19:

        It is time the international community faced the reality: we have an unmanageable, unfair, distortionary global tax regime.

   3. (countable) A numerical indication of a particular moment.

      At what times do the trains arrive?

      These times were erroneously converted between zones

   4. (countable) An instance or occurrence.

      Synonyms: instant, juncture; see also Thesaurus:point in time

      one more time

      When was the last time we went out? I don’t remember.

      See you another time.

      That’s three times he’s made the same mistake.

      Okay, but this is the last time. No more after that!

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 15:

        Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

   5. (UK, in public houses) Closing time.

      Last call: it's almost time.

   6. The hour of childbirth.
      • 1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, Book VIII, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641, volume II, Oxford: The Theater, page 370:

        […] came well to Exeter; where ſhe intended to ſtay, till ſhe was deliver’d; for ſhe was within little more than one Month of her time; […]

   7. (with possessives) The end of someone’s life, conceived by the speaker as having been predestined.

      It was his time.

4. (countable) The measurement under some system of region of day or moment.

   Let's synchronize our watches so we're not on different time.

5. (countable) A ratio of comparison (see also usage notes and prepositional sense at 'times').

   Your car runs three times faster than mine.

   That is four times as heavy as this.

6. (music, uncountable) The measured duration of sounds.

   (dated) dance time;   march time (see usage notes)

   1. (uncountable) Tempo; a measured rate of movement.

      The musician keeps good time.

      • 1619–1620, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The False One. A Tragedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii:

        some few lines set unto a solemn time

   2. (uncountable) Rhythmical division, meter.

      common or triple time;   time signature

   3. (jazz) (uncountable) A straight rhythmic pattern, free from fills, breaks and other embellishments.

      After the introduction, the drummer is to play time.

7. (grammar, obsolete) Synonym of tense

   the time of a verb

   • 1823, Lindley Murray, Key to the Exercises Adapted to Murray’s English Grammar, Fortland, page 53f:

     Though we have, in the notes under the thirteenth rule of the Grammar, explained in general the principles, on which the time of a verb in the infinitive mood may be ascertained, and its form determined; […]

   • 1829, Benjamin A. Gould, Adam’s Latin Grammar, Boston, page 153:

     The participles of the future time active, and perfect passive, when joined with the verb esse, were sometimes used as indeclinable; […]

8. (slang, MLE) Clipping of a long time.
   • 2019 September 15, “Wiley Flow” (track 12), in Heavy Is The Head‎, performed by Stormzy:

     I used to pay for things but that was time ago.

   • 2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, Sagirah Gammon, 00:38:33 from the start, in Brady Hood, director, Top Boy(Good Morals) (4), episode 1 (TV), spoken by girl called B:

     Ats' mum is looking for him, says he ain't been back in time

   • 2023 January 15, Layton Williams, 12:51 from the start, in Freddy Syborn, director, Bad Education(Prison) (4), episode 3 (TV), spoken by Inchez (Anthony J. Abraham):

     INCHEZ:Man this is long! We've been in here for time!

   Synonyms: ages, long