fishとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: fĭsh, IPA^(key): /fɪʃ/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /fɘʃ/
• 韻: -ɪʃ
• 異形同音異義語: phish, ghoti

語源 1

From Middle English fisch, from 古期英語 fisċ (“fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz (“fish”) (compare West Frisian fisk, Dutch vis, Danish fisk, Norwegian fisk, Swedish fisk, German Fisch), from Proto-Indo-European *peysḱ- (“fish”) (compare Irish iasc, Latin piscis).

名詞

fish (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 fish または fishes)

1. (countable) A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water, moving with the help of fins and breathing with gills.

   Salmon is a fish.

   The fishmonger sells fishes from all over the world.

   Ichthyologists study the fish of the world.

   We have many fish in our aquarium.

2. (archaic or loosely) Any animal (または any vertebrate) that lives exclusively in water.
   • 1774, Oliver Goldsmith, History of the Earth and Animated Nature, volume IV:

     The whale, the limpet, the tortoise and the oyster… as men have been willing to give them all the name of fishes, it is wisest for us to conform.

   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick:

     Be it known that, waiving all argument, I take the good old fashioned ground that the whale is a fish, and call upon holy Jonah to back me.

3. (Newfoundland) Cod; codfish.
4. (uncountable) The flesh of the fish used as food.
   • 2012 March, “Flexing your brain”, in Consumer Reports on Health, volume 24, number 3, page 9:

     Include low-mercury fish in your diet (such as salmon) and eat at least five servings a day of fruit and vegetables, especially dark leafy greens, broccoli, and cauliflower. Avoid saturated and trans fats, which may hasten brain aging.

   The seafood pasta had lots of fish but not enough pasta.

   Though Lena is a vegetarian, she doesn't have any problem with eating fish.

5. (uncountable) A card game in which the object is to obtain cards in pairs or sets of four (depending on the variation), by asking the other players for cards of a particular rank.
6. (uncountable, derogatory, slang) A woman.
7. (countable, slang) An easy victim for swindling.
8. (countable, poker slang) A bad poker player. Compare shark (a good poker player).
9. (countable, nautical) A makeshift overlapping longitudinal brace, originally shaped roughly like a fish, used to temporarily repair or extend a spar or mast of a ship.
10. (nautical) A purchase used to fish the anchor.
11. (countable, nautical, military, slang) A torpedo (self-propelled explosive device).
    • 1977, Richard O'Kane, Clear the Bridge: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang, Ballantine Books (2003), page 344:

      The second and third fish went to the middle of her long superstructure and under her forward deck.

    • 1999, John Winton, The Submariners: Life in British Submarines 1901-1999 (page 114)

      As we came off patrol we had some torpedoes fired at us by an enemy submarine but we dived out of the way. About April 10 we fired our fish in two salvoes at a convoy.

12. (zoology) A paraphyletic grouping of the following extant taxonomic groups:
    1. Class Myxini, the hagfish (no vertebra)
    2. Class Petromyzontida, the lampreys (no jaw)
    3. Within infraphylum Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates (also including Tetrapoda)
       1. Class Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays
       2. Superclass Osteichthyes, bony fish.
13. (cartomancy) The thirty-fourth Lenormand card.
14. (prison slang) A new (usually vulnerable) prisoner.

使用する際の注意点

The collective plural of fish is normally fish in the UK, except in archaic texts where fishes may be encountered; in the US, fishes is encountered as well, but much less commonly. When referring to two or more kinds of fish, the plural is fishes.

同意語

• (potential swindling victim): mark
• (card game): Go Fish
• (bad poker player): donkey, donk

下位語

• (aquatic cold-blooded vertabrae with gills): Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes
• (food): seafood

派生語

関連する語

• (adj): fishly, piscine, fishy (inf.)
• (astronomical): The Fish, Pisces
• (collective): piscifauna
• (combinatorial form): pisci- (Latinate, general)
• (fish-catcher): See fisher
• (fish-eater): piscivore
• (fish-infesting): piscolous
• (fish-killing): piscicidal
• (fish-like): fishly, piscose (culinary), fishy, fishlike (inf.)
• (fish science): fishlore, piscatology (irreg.)
• (fish-shaped): pisciform
• (fish vendor): fishmonger, piscitarian
• (full of fish): fishful, pisculent
• (skin disorder): fish-skin disease
• (state of being a fish): fishdom, fishhood (formal), piscinity (formal), fishiness (inf.)
• (taxonomical): Actinopterygii, bony fish, cartilaginous fish, finned fish, finfish, Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: fisi
• → Chinook Jargon: pish
• → Finnish: fisu
• → Zulu: ufishi

参考

• Appendix:Fish

語源 2

Deverbal from to fish (etymology 3).

名詞

fish (複数形 fishes)

1. A period of time spent fishing.

   The fish at the lake didn't prove successful.

2. An instance of seeking something.

   Merely two fishes for information told the whole story.

語源 3

From 古期英語 fiscian, from Proto-West Germanic *fiskōn, from Proto-Germanic *fiskōną.

動詞

fish (三人称単数 現在形 fishes, 現在分詞 fishing, 過去形および過去分詞形 fished)

1. (intransitive) To hunt fish or other aquatic animals in a body of water.

   We went fishing for crabs by the pier.

   • 19th c., anonymous, "The Bonny Ship the 'Diamond'"

     It's cheer up, my lads, let your hearts never fail,

     For the bonny ship the Diamond goes a-fishing for the whale.

   She went to the river to fish for trout.

2. (transitive) To search (a body of water) for something other than fish.

   They fished the surrounding lakes for the dead body.

3. (fishing, transitive) To use as bait when fishing.
   • 1983, The Fisherman Who Laughed, page 40:

     `What you need are frogs,' said the veteran. `Fish them at night. There's nothing like them on big cork floats.'

4. (intransitive) To (attempt to) find or get hold of an object by searching among other objects.

   Synonym: rummage

   Why are you fishing through my things?

   He was fishing for the keys in his pocket.

5. (intransitive, followed by "for" または "around for") To talk to people in an attempt to get them to say something, or seek to obtain something by artifice.

   The detective visited the local pubs fishing around for more information.

   The actors loitered at the door, fishing for compliments.

   • 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:

     Laoctonos is fishing for a compliment,
     But ’tis his due. Yes, you have drunk more wine,
     And shed more blood, than any man in Thebes.

6. (intransitive, cricket) Of a batsman, to attempt to hit a ball outside off stump and miss it.
7. (nautical, transitive) To repair (a spar または mast) by fastening a beam or other long object (often called a fish) over the damaged part (see Noun above).
   • 1970, James Henderson, The Frigates, an account of the lesser warships of the wars from 1793 to 1815, Wordsworth (1998), page 143:

     […] the crew were set to replacing and splicing the rigging and fishing the spars.

8. (nautical, transitive) To hoist the flukes of.
   • 1860, Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons (page 214)

     Found that the cause of the ship's having drifted on the night of the 19th, was from the bight of the chain span (used to fish the anchor,) having slipped between the shank and upper fluke, thereby preventing the lower fluke from opening […]

同意語

• (try to catch a fish): angle, drop in a line
• (try to find something): rifle, rummage
• (attempt to gain (compliments, etc)): angle

派生語