goodとは

語源 1

From Middle English good, from 古期英語 gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, suit”). Related to gather.

Cognate with Scots guid (“good”), Saterland Frisian goud (“good”), West Frisian goed (“good”), Dutch goed (“good”), German Low German good (“good”), German gut (“good”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish god (“good”), Icelandic góður (“good”), Lithuanian guõdas (“honor”), Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ, “pleasing time”) and годенъ (godenŭ, “fitting, suitable”), Sanskrit गद्य (gádhya, “fitting, suitable”).

Not related to the word god.

別の表記

• g’d (poetic contraction)
• goode

形容詞

good (comparative better, superlative best)

1. (of people)
   1. Acting in the interest of what is beneficial; ethical.
      • 1460-1500, The Towneley Playsː

        It is not good to be alone, to walk here in this worthly wone.

      • 1500?, Evil Tonguesː

        If any man would begin his sins to reny, or any good people that frae vice deed rest ain. What so ever he were that to virtue would apply, But an ill tongue will all overthrow again.

      good intentions

      • 1891, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Ch.6

        When we are happy, we are always good, but when we are good, we are not always happy.

   2. Competent or talented.

      a good swimmer

      • (Can we date this quote?) Robert South

        Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else.

      • 1922, Michael Arlen, “3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

        Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

   3. Able to be depended on for the discharge of obligations incurred; of unimpaired credit.

      Can you lend me fifty dollars? You know I'm good for it.

   4. (US) Satisfied or at ease

      Would you like a glass of water? — I'm good.

      [Are] you good? — Yeah, I'm fine.

2. (of capabilities)
   1. Useful for a particular purpose; functional.

      it’s a good watch;  the flashlight batteries are still good

      • 1526, Herballː

        Against cough and scarceness of breath caused of cold take the drink that it hath been sodden in with Liquorice[,] or that the powder hath been sodden in with dry figs[,] for the same the electuary called dyacalamentum is good[,] and it is made thus.

      • 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

        Plant breeding is always a numbers game. […] The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

   2. Effective.

      a good worker

      • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, OCLC 7780546; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., 55 Fifth Avenue, [1933], OCLC 2666860, page 0091:

        There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

   3. (obsolete) Real; actual; serious.

      in good sooth

      • (Can we date this quote?) William Shakespeare

        Love no man in good earnest.

3. (of properties かつ qualities)
   1. (of food)
      1. Edible; not stale or rotten.

         The bread is still good.

      2. Having a particularly pleasant taste.

         The food was very good.

         • c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11:

           Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […]

         • 1962 (quoting 1381 text), Hans Kurath & Sherman M. Kuhn, eds., Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-01044-8, page 1242:

           dorrẹ̅, dōrī adj. & n. […] cook. glazed with a yellow substance; pome(s ~, sopes ~. […] 1381 Pegge Cook. Recipes page 114: For to make Soupys dorry. Nym onyons […] Nym wyn […] toste wyte bred and do yt in dischis, and god Almande mylk.

      3. Being satisfying; meeting dietary requirements.

         Eat a good dinner so you will be ready for the big game tomorrow.

   2. Healthful.

      carrots are good for you;  walking is good for you

   3. Pleasant; enjoyable.

      the music, dancing, and food were very good;  we had a good time

   4. Favourable.

      a good omen;  good weather

   5. Beneficial; worthwhile.

      a good job

      • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 22, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

        Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. […] Next day she […] tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and had perhaps spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.

   6. Adequate; sufficient; not fallacious.
      • (Can we date this quote?) William Shakespeare

        My reasons are both good and weighty.

4. (colloquial) With "and", extremely.

   The soup is good and hot.

5. Holy (especially when capitalized) .

   Good Friday

6. (of quantities)
   1. Reasonable in amount.

      all in good time

   2. Large in amount or size.

      a good while longer;  a good number of seeds;  A good part of his day was spent shopping.  It will be a good while longer until he's done.  He's had a good amount of troubles, he has.

      • 1909, Archibald Marshall [pseudonym; Arthur Hammond Marshall], chapter III, in The Squire’s Daughter, London: Methuen, OCLC 12026604; republished New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1919, OCLC 491297620:

        The big houses, and there are a good many of them, lie for the most part in what may be called by courtesy the valleys. You catch a glimpse of them sometimes at a little distance from the [railway] line, which seems to have shown some ingenuity in avoiding them, […].

   3. Full; entire; at least as much as

      This hill will take a good hour and a half to climb.  The car was a good ten miles away.

      • 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square, OCLC 16832619, page 16:

        Athelstan Arundel walked home all the way, foaming and raging. No omnibus, cab, or conveyance ever built could contain a young man in such a rage. His mother lived at Pembridge Square, which is four good measured miles from Lincoln's Inn.

使用する際の注意点

• In informal (often jocular) contexts, best may be inflected further and given the comparative bester and the superlative bestest; these forms are nonstandard.

同意語

• (having positive attributes): not bad, all right, satisfactory, decent, see also Thesaurus:good
• (healthful): well
• (competent または talented): accomplished
• (acting in the interest of good; ethical): See Thesaurus:goodness

反意語

• (having positive attributes): bad, poor
• (ethical): bad, evil

派生語

間投詞

good

1. That is good; an elliptical exclamation of satisfaction or commendation.

   Good! I can leave now.

語源 2

From Middle English goode (“good, well”, adverb), from the adjective. Compare Dutch goed (“good, well”, adverb), German gut (“good, well”, adverb), Danish godt (“good, well”, adverb), Swedish godt (“good, well”, adverb), all from the adjective.

副詞

good (comparative better, superlative best)

1. (nonstandard) Well; satisfactorily or thoroughly.
   • 1906, Zane Grey, The Spirit of the Border: A Romance of the Early Settlers in the Ohio Valley

     If Silvertip refuses to give you the horse, grab him before he can draw a weapon, and beat him good. You're big enough to do it.

   • 1970, Troy Conway, The Cunning Linguist, London: Flamingo Books, page 66:

     I kept my eyes peeled for signs of pursuit. There was none, unless I was being fooled very good.

   • 2007 April 19, Jimmy Wales, “Jimmy Wales on the User-Generated Generation”, Fresh Air, WHYY, Pennsylvania [1]

     The one thing that we can't do...is throw out the baby with the bathwater.... We know our process works pretty darn good and, uh, it’s really sparked this amazing phenomenon of this...high-quality website.

派生語

• but good

語源 3

From Middle English good, god, from 古期英語 gōd (“a good thing, advantage, benefit, gift; good, goodness, welfare; virtue, ability, doughtiness; goods, property, wealth”), from Proto-Germanic *gōdą (“goods, belongings”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-, *gʰodʰ- (“to unite, be associated, suit”). Compare German Gut (“item of merchandise; estate; property”).

名詞

good (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 goods)

1. (uncountable) The forces or behaviours that are the enemy of evil. Usually consists of helping others and general benevolence.
   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 13, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes. He said that if you wanted to do anything for them, you must rule them, not pamper them. Soft heartedness caused more harm than good.

2. (countable) A result that is positive in the view of the speaker.
3. (uncountable) The abstract instantiation of goodness; that which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.
   • Bible, Psalms iv. 6

     There be many that say, Who will show us any good?

   • Jay

     The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the good of each of the members composing it.

   The best is the enemy of the good.

4. (countable, usually in the plural) An item of merchandise.
   • William Shakespeare

     Thy lands and goods / Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate / Unto the state of Venice.

   • The GoodRelations Ontology uses this meaning: http://semanticweb.org/wiki/GoodRelations.html

反意語

• (forces of good): bad, evil
• (positive result): bad

派生語

• (item of merchandise): capital goods, consumer goods

語源 4

From Middle English goden, godien, from 古期英語 gōdian (“to improve, get better; make better; endow, enrich”), from Proto-Germanic *gōdōną (“to make better, improve”), from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz (“good, favourable”).

動詞

good (三人称単数 現在形 goods, 現在分詞 gooding, 過去形および過去分詞形 gooded)

1. (intransitive, now chiefly dialectal) To thrive; fatten; prosper; improve.
2. (transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To make good; turn to good; improve.
3. (intransitive, now chiefly dialectal) To make improvements or repairs.
4. (intransitive, now chiefly dialectal) To benefit; gain.
5. (transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To do good to (someone); benefit; cause to improve or gain.
6. (transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To satisfy; indulge; gratify.
7. (reflexive, now chiefly dialectal) To flatter; congratulate oneself; anticipate.