hardlyとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑːdli/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑɹdli/

副詞

hardly (comparative hardlier または more hardly, superlative hardliest または most hardly)

1. (manner, obsolete) Firmly, vigorously, with strength or exertion.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.148:

     Let him hardly be possest with an honest curiositie to search out the nature and causes of all things […].

   • 1818, [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, OCLC 830979744, pages 101–102:

     Sometimes my pulse beat so quickly and hardly, that I felt the palpitation of every artery; at others, I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme weakness.

2. (manner, archaic) Harshly, severely; in a hard manner.

   I can't really deal hardly with people.

   • 1866 February 1, [O.G. Trevelyan], “The Dawk Bungalow”, in Frazer's Magazine, page 219:

     "Mr. Cholmondeley, the young men out here are much too hardly worked to allow them time for paying impertinent compliments."

3. (now rare) With difficulty.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.234:

     And what gentle flame soever doth warme the heart of young virgins, yet are they hardly drawne to leave and forgoe their mothers, to betake them to their husbands […].

   • 1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society 2010, page 40:

     While in Chelsea, Anne Smiley pined, taking very hardly to her unaccustomed role of wife abandoned.

4. (degree) Barely, only just, almost not.
   • 1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure‎^[1]:

     How lonely they looked as they lay there, and how ill assorted! That little heap had been for two thousand years the wisest, loveliest, proudest creature - I can hardly call her woman - in the whole universe.

   • 2011 November 3, David Ornstein, “Macc Tel-Aviv 1-2 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

     With this the second of three games in seven days for Stoke, it was hardly surprising to see nine changes from the side that started against Newcastle in the Premier League on Monday.

   • 2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68:

     Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

   they hardly ever watch television;  I hardly think they'll come in this bad weather;  it's hardly possible he could lose the election.

使用する際の注意点

• In the modern sense "barely", it is grammatically a negative word. It therefore collocates with ever rather than never.
  • Compare example sentence with I almost never watch television
  • Because of the anomalous sense of this word, expressions such as "hardly working" have an opposite meaning to what the etymology ("hard" + "-ly") would suggest. "Working hard" suggests that considerable work is being done, whereas "hardly working" suggests that very little work is being done.

同意語

• (barely, almost not または not quite): barely, just, only just, scarcely