verbとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English verbe, directly from Latin verbum (“word, verb”) and possibly or reinforced by Old French verbe, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰo-. Doublet of verve and word.

発音

• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /vɝb/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /vɜːb/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)b

名詞

verb (複数形 verbs)

1. (grammar) A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.

   The word “speak” is an English verb.

   • 1530 July 18, Iohan Palſgrave, “The Introduction”, in Leſclarciſſement de la langue francoyſe […] ‎^[1], London: Richard Pynſon, Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, page 32; reprinted as Lesclarcissement de la langue françoyse, Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 1972:

     In ſo moche that if any verbe be of the thyꝛde coniugation / I ſet out all his rotes and tenſes […]

2. (obsolete) Any word; a vocable.
   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), 6th edition, London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, →OCLC:

     a Verb of the Singular

3. (figurative) An action as opposed to a trait or thing.

   Kindness is a verb, not an adjective. You're only kind if you do kind things.

4. (programming) A named command that performs a specific operation on an object.
   • 1995, Adam Denning, OLE Controls Inside Out (page 321)

     You can invoke the Properties OLE verb in many ways. The easiest way is to move the mouse over the border of the control until it becomes only a four-way pointer and then right-click.

   • 2016, Ada Gavrilovska, Attaining High Performance Communications: A Vertical Approach:

     The InfiniBand verbs, which are closely modeled in the “Gen2” interface, provide the functional specification for the operations that should be allowed on an InfiniBand compliant adapter.

使用する際の注意点

Verbs compose a fundamental category of words in most languages. In an English clause, a verb forms the head of the predicate of the clause. In many languages, verbs uniquely conjugate for tense and aspect.

引用

• 2001 — Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, p 221

  Then you could say that the doorway exploded. But the particular verb doesn't do the action justice. Rather, it shattered into infinitesimal pieces.

下位語

• See: Thesaurus:verb

派生語

動詞

verb (三人称単数 現在形 verbs, 現在分詞 verbing, 過去形および過去分詞形 verbed)

1. (transitive, nonstandard, colloquial) To use any word that is or was not a verb (especially a noun) as if it were a verb.
   • a. 1981 Feb 22, unknown Guardian editor as quoted by William Safire, On Language, in New York Times, pSM3

     Haig, in congressional hearings before his confirmatory, paradoxed his auditioners by abnormalling his responds so that verbs were nouned, nouns verbed and adjectives adverbised. He techniqued a new way to vocabulary his thoughts so as to informationally uncertain anybody listening about what he had actually implicationed... .

   • 1993 January 25, Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson

     I like to verb words.... I take nouns and adjectives and use them as verbs. Remember when "access" was a thing? Now it's something you DO. It got verbed. 動詞ing weirds language.

   • 1997, David. F. Griffiths, Desmond J. Higham, learning L^AT_EX, p8

     Nouns should never be verbed.

   • 2005 Oct 5, Jeffrey Mattison, Letters, in The Christian Science Monitor, p8

     In English, verbing nouns is okay

2. (used as a neutral, unspecific verb, often in linguistics かつ the social sciences) To perform any action that is normally expressed by a verb.
   • 1946: Rand Corporation, The Rand Paper Series

     For example, one-part versions of the proposition "The doctor pursued the lawyer" were "The doctor verbed the object," ...

   • 1964: Journal of Mathematical Psychology

     Each sentence had the same basic structure: The subject transitive verbed the object who intransitive verbed in the location.

   • 1998: Marilyn A. Walker, Aravind Krishna Joshi, Centering Theory in Discourse

     The sentence frame was Dan verbed Ben approaching the store. This sentence frame was followed in all cases by He went inside.

Conjugation

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:verb.

参考

• copula

アナグラム

• brev