verberとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwɛr.bɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvɛr.ber]

名詞

verber n (genitive verberis); third declension (chiefly plural only)

1. (rare) lash, whip, scourge, rod [first attested in Plautus]

   Synonyms: flagrum, corium, lōrum, habēna, flagellum, scutica

   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 1166–1167:

     Post istam veniam quid me fiet nunciam?
     ― Verberibus caedere multum pendens.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 197 BCE, Plautus, Persa 268–269:

     Quid faciet mihi?
     Verberibus caedi iusserit, compedes impingi?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 196–199:

     si sensero hodie quicquam in his te nuptiis
     fallaciae conari quo fiant minus,
     aut velle in ea re ostendi quam sis callidus,
     verberibus caesum te in pistrinum, Dave, dedam usque ad necem

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 8.28.4:

     […] ; postremo, cum ingenuitatis magis quam praesentis condicionis memorem videret, nudari iubet verberaque adferri.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegiae 4.1.25–26:

     Verbera pellitus saetosa movebat arator,
     Unde licens Fabius sacra Lupercus habet.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 3.106–107:

     Illī [aurigae] instant uerbere tortō
     et prōnī dant lōra, uolat uī feruidus axis;

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 5.146–147:

     nec sīc immissīs aurīgae undantia lōra
     concussēre iugīs prōnīque in uerbera pendent.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 7.378–380:

     Ceu quondam tortō uolitāns sub uerbere turbō,
     quem puerī magnō in gȳrō uācua ātria circum
     intentī lūdō exercent, […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 2.398–400:

     Colligit āmentēs et adhuc terrōre paventēs
     Phoebus equōs stimulōque dolēns et verbere saevit
     (saevit enim) nātumque obiectat et inputat illīs.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, De constantia sapientis 12.3:

     […] ; sic enim et pecora verbere domantur, nec irascimur illis, cum sessorem recusaverunt, sed compescimus, ut dolor contumaciam vincat.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilianus, Declamationes maiores 19.3:

     […] ; ignes ex proximo raptos, verbera, quae casus obtulerat, non diviso dolore, non per partes nec per intervalla suspenso, sed semel, sed pariter invado, pars secreti fuit, ut ipse torquerem.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (usually singular) a thong of a sling or other similar projectile weapons

   Synonym: lōrum (poetic)

   Near-synonym: nervus

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 1.307–310:

     […]
     tum gruibus pedicās et rētia pōnere ceruīs
     aurītōsque sequī leporēs, tum fīgere dammās
     stuppea torquentem Baleāris uerbera fundae,
     cum nix alta iacet, glaciem cum flūmina trūdunt.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 7.776–778:

     non ocior illo [apro]
     hasta nec excussae contorto verbere glandes
     nec Gortyniaco calamus levis exit ab arcu.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 61 CE – 65 CE, Lucanus, Pharsalia 3.469–472:

     At saxum quoties ingenti verberis actu
     Excutitur, qualis rupes, quam vertice montis
     Abscidit impulsu ventorum adiuta vetustas,
     Frangit cuncta ruens: […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 83 CE – 96 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 1.314:

     Hic crebram fundit Baliari verbere glandem
     terque levi ducta circum caput altus habena
     permissum ventis abscondit in aera telum,
     […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (transferred senses):
   1. a stroke with a whip, a lashing, scourging, flogging, beating, etc.

      Synonym: plāga

      • c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 341–342:

        Quid nunc? Si ea domist, si facio, ut eam exire hinc videas domo,
        dignun es verberibus multis? ― Dignus

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 2.356:

        tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.3.59:

        Mitto vincla, mitto carcerem, mitto verbera, mitto securis, crucem denique illam praetermitto quam iste civibus Romanis testem humanitatis in eos ac benivolentiae suae voluit esse, […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 3.64:

        Pueros vero matres et magistri castigare etiam solent, nec verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus, […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 1.3.120–124:

        Nam ut ferula caedas meritum maiora subire
        verbera, non vereor, cum dicas esse paris res
        furta latrociniis et magnis parva mineris
        falce recisurum simili te, si tibi regnum
        permittant homines.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 2.23.7:

        Inde ostentare tergum foedum recentibus vestigiis verberum.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 16 BCE, Ovidius, Amores 1.6.19–20:

        Certe ego, cum posita stares ad verbera veste,
        ad dominam pro te verba tremente tuli.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 14.299–301:

        Spargimur ignotae sucis melioribus herbae
        percutimurque caput conversae verbere virgae,
        verbaque dicuntur dictis contraria verbis.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Hercules furens 801:

        Huc nunc et illuc verbere assiduo rotat,
        […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Thebais 2.143–145:

        Illos post verbera fessos
        exceptamque hiemem cornu perfuderat omni
        Somnus; […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 95 CE, Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria 1.3.15:

        Denique cum parvulum verberibus coegeris, quid iuveni facias, cui nec adhiberi potest hic metus et maiora discenda sunt?

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   2. (of inanimate things, chiefly poetic) stripes, strokes, blows etc. (e.g., of wind, water, etc.)
      • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.953–957:

        Necdum res igni scibant tractare neque uti
        pellibus et spoliis corpus vestire ferarum,
        sed nemora atque cavos montis silvasque colebant
        et frutices inter condebant squalida membra
        verbera ventorum vitare imbrisque coacti.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.7.47–52:

        Acris ubi me
        natura intendit, sub clara nuda lucerna
        quaecumque excepit turgentis verbera caudae
        clunibus aut agitavit equum lasciva supinum,
        dimittit neque famosum neque sollicitum, ne
        ditior aut formae melioris meiat eodem.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 3.27.22–24:

        Hostium uxores puerique caecos
        sentiant motus orientis Austri et
        aequoris nigri fremitum et trementis
        verbere ripas.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 3.662–663:

        Illi admirantes remorum in verbere perstant
        velaque deducunt geminaque ope currere temptant:
        […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 61 CE – 65 CE, Lucanus, Pharsalia 3.536:

        Verberibus senis agitur, molemque profundo.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 2.6.33:

        Et quamvis adsidua conversione immensae celeritatis attollantur ab eo rapianturque in occasum, adverso tamen ire motu per suos quaeque passus. Ita fieri, ne convolutus aer eandem in partem aeterna mundi vertigine ignavo globo torpeat, sed fundatur adverso siderum verbere discretus et digestus.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 83 CE – 96 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 11.489–490:

        adductis percussa ad pectora tonsis
        centeno fractus spumabat verbere pontus.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 400 CE, Claudius Claudianus, De consulatu Stilichonis 1.286–290:

        velut arbiter alni,
        nubilus Aegaeo quam turbine vexat Orion,
        exiguo clavi flexu declinat aquarum
        verbera, nunc recta, nunc obliquante carina
        callidus, et pelagi caelique obnititur irae.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   3. (figurative) strokes, blows, lashes (e.g., of fortune, against one's integrity, etc.)
      • 54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 1.9:

        Quam ob rem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas cum insanos atque indomitos impetus volgi cohibere non possit, neque liberi cum inpuris atque inmanibus adversariis decertantem vel contumeliarum verbera subire, […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 3.12.1–3:

        Miserarum est neque amori dare ludum neque dulci
        mala vino lavere, aut exanimari metuentis
        patruae verbera linguae.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 13.27.4:

        Ita animus atque mens viri prudentis, […] consilia cogitationesque contra fortunae verbera contraque insidias iniquorum quasi brachia et manus protendens, […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

The nominative, dative, and accusative singular are classically unattested.

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

• verberō

関連する語

• verbēna

参照

Further reading

• “verber”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verber”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “verbĕr”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “verber”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “verberate”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.