utとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ʌt/
• 韻: -ʌt

名詞

ut (複数形 uts)

1. (music, dated) Syllable (formerly) used in solfège to represent the first note of a major scale.

使用する際の注意点

• In solfège, ut has been replaced by do.

派生語

• gamut

アナグラム

• -tu-, TU, Tu, Tū

Latin

別の表記

• utī
• utei (old form)

語源

Some supposed ut < uti < utī < utei < *utai < *uta + i, with this *uta corresponding to ita (かつ utinam < *utanam)^[1]. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, *kʷos and *só. See ubi for the loss of c.

Jussive and optative sentences were often followed by some adverbial ut(i), originally meaning "in some way" (sometimes interchangeable with instrumental qui (“by some means”)). Ut becoming habitual, lost its full meaning and was weakened to the conjunction ut, which now fell to govern the subjunctive mood. This was the epitome of the evolution of subordinate clauses in Latin.^[2]

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ut/, [ʊt̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ut/, [ut̪]

副詞

ut (not comparable)

1. (interrogative) how? in what way?

   Synonym: quī

   • Ut vales?

     How do you fare?

2. (relative) as

   Faciam ut voles.

   I shall do as you want.

接続詞

ut (followed by the subjunctive)

1. that, so that, to, in order to, in order that (introduces the subject または object clause of a verb) (note that quō replaces ut when there is a comparative in the subordinate clause of purpose.)

   Spero ut pacem habeant semper.

   I hope that they may always have peace.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit 2:4:

     Tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum.

     And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit 3:25:

     Et missus est angelus Domini sanctus Rafahel ut curaret ambos quorum uno tempore fuerat oratio in conspectu Domini recitata.

     And the holy angel of the Lord, Raphael was sent to heal them both, whose prayers at one time were rehearsed in the sight of the Lord.

2. that, for that, because
   • Colloquium Celtis :

     Nescio quid dicam, ita enim perturbatus sum ut rationem nulli possim reddere.

     I don't know what to say, for thus I was upset that I can give an explanation to no one.

3. although
   • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Jerome, Biblia Sacra Vulgāta In Pentateuchō:

     Quod ut audērem, Ōrigenis mē studium prōuocāuit...

     Although I dared it, Origen's zeal provoked me...

ut (followed by the indicative)

1. like
2. as, just as
   • 45 BC, Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, Book II.42:

     Ut ager, quamvis fertilis, sine cultura fructuosus esse non potest, sic sine doctrina animus.

     Just as the field, however fertile, without cultivation cannot be fruitful, likewise the soul without education.

使用する際の注意点

Often coupled with ita, such that "ita x, ut y" = "so/thus x, as y"

1. Non ita loquimur, ut physici.

   We do not say so, as the physicists do.

派生語

関連する語

参照

• “ut”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ut”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ut in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the frost set in so severely that..: tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut
    
  • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • it is high time that..: tempus maximum est, ut
    
  • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    
  • the matter has gone so far that...; the state of affairs is such that..: res eo or in eum locum deducta est, ut...
    
  • I was induced by several considerations to..: multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut...
    
  • it is no longer in my power: mihi non est integrum, ut...
    
  • to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei or ut possit...
    
  • to be induced by a consideration: adduci aliqua re (ad aliquid または ut...)
    
  • to take great pains in order to..: studiose (diligenter, enixe, sedulo, maxime) dare operam, ut...
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: contendere et laborare, ut
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
    
  • to induce a person to think that..: aliquem ad eam cogitationem adducere ut
    
  • I think that..: in hac sum sententia, ut...putem
    
  • according to my opinion: ut mea fert opinio
    
  • according to my opinion: ut mihi quidem videtur
    
  • I am gradually convinced that..: addūcor, ut credam
    
  • I cannot make myself believe that..: non possum adduci, ut (credam)
    
  • to form a plan, make a resolution: consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more まれに ut)
    
  • to give a person advice: auctorem esse alicui, ut
    
  • I cannot bring myself to..: a me impetrare non possum, ut
    
  • my intention is..: consilium est c. Inf. or ut
    
  • my intention is..: id sequor, ut
    
  • the matter tends towards..., has this object.[1: res eo spectat, ut
    
  • with the intention of..: eo consilio, ea mente, ut
    
  • he had such an extraordinary memory that..: memoria tanta fuit, ut
    
  • to have a superficial knowledge, a smattering of literature, of the sciences: primis (ut dicitur) or primoribus labris gustare or attingere litteras
    
  • for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12)
    
  • to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain: adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110)
    
  • systematic succession, concatenation: continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9)
    
  • it follows from this that..: sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut
    
  • it follows from this that..: ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut
    
  • to pass from myth to history: ut a fabulis ad facta veniamus
    
  • as Homer sings (not canit): ut ait Homerus
    
  • but to return from the digression we have been making: verum ut ad id, unde digressa est oratio, revertamur
    
  • the task I have put before myself is..: mihi propositum est c. Inf. (または mihi proposui, ut)
    
  • anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge: iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem
    
  • the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense: aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit
    
  • as the proverb says: ut est in proverbio
    
  • as the proverb says: ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur
    
  • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de gradu deici, ut dicitur
    
  • to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart: aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49)
    
  • there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius または potius est, quam ut)
    
  • this is a characteristic of virtue, it..: virtus hoc habet, ut...
    
  • to promise an oath to..: iureiurando ac fide se obstringere, ut
    
  • good-bye; farewell: vale or cura ut valeas
    
  • it is customary to..: mos (moris) est, ut (Brut. 21. 84)
    
  • as usually happens: ut fit, ita ut fit, ut fere fit
    
  • as usually happens: ut solet, ut fieri solet
    
  • as you sow, so will you reap: ut sementem feceris, ita metes (proverb.) (De Or. 2. 65)
    
  • a man's policy is aiming at, directed towards..: alicuius in re publica or capessendae rei publicae consilia eo spectant, ut...
    
  • to propose a law in the popular assembly: legem ferre or simply ferre ad populum, ut...
    
  • Solo ordained by law that..: Solo lege sanxit, ut or ne
    
  • the laws of Solon ordained that..: Solonis legibus sanctum erat, ut or ne
    
  • on condition of..: ea lege, ut
    
  • to form a conspiracy: coniurare (inter se) de c. Gerund. or ut...
    
  • to issue a proclamation calling on the senators to assemble in full force: edicere, ut senatus frequens adsit (Fam. 11. 6. 2)
    
  • the senate decreed (かつ the people ratified the decree) that..: senatus decrevit (populusque iussit) ut
    
  • to take care not to..: non committere, ut...
    
  • to ordain as punishment that..: hanc poenam constituere in aliquem, ut...
    
  • peace is concluded on condition that..: pax convenit in eam condicionem, ut...
    
  • as Cicero says: ut ait Cicero (always in this order)
    
  • to use Cicero's expression; to say with Cicero (not ut cum Cicerone loquar): ut Ciceronis verbis utar
    
  • so to speak (used to modify a figurative expression): ut ita dicam
    
  • not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    
  • to say nothing further on..: ut plura non dicam
    
  • to put it briefly: ut breviter dicam
    
  • in short; to be brief: ut paucis (rem) absolvam
    
  • in short; to be brief: ut paucis (brevi, breviter) complectar
    
  • in short; to be brief: ut brevi comprehendam
    
  • in short; to be brief: ut brevi praecīdam
    
  • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    
  • to use the mildest expression: ut levissime dicam (opp. ut gravissimo verbo utar)
    
  • to express myself more plainly: ut planius dicam
    
  • to put it more exactly: ut verius dicam
    
  • to say once for all: ut semel or in perpetuum dicam
    
  • to use the same simile, illustration: ut in eodem simili verser
    
  • to use this example: ut hoc utar or afferam
    
  • as I said above: ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est
    
  • this is not the place to..: non est hic locus, ut...
    
  • putting aside, except: ut omittam c. Accus.
    
  • to except the fact that..: ut praetermittam c. Acc. c. Inf.
    

語源

From Proto-Germanic *ūt, from Proto-Indo-European *úd. Cognate with Old Dutch ūt (Dutch uit), Old Saxon ūt (Low German ut), Old High German ūz (German aus), Old Norse út (Swedish ut), Gothic ���� (ut).

発音

• IPA^(key): /uːt/

副詞

ūt (comparative ūtor, superlative ȳtemest)

1. out

   Hē ēode ūt on þā strǣte.

   He went out into the street.

   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"

     On þǣre nihte þe sē cyning hine on morgne ācwellan wolde, cōm Godes enġel sċīnende of heofonum, and ġelǣdde hine ūt þurh þā īsernan gatu.

     On the night before the king was going to kill him in the morning, God’s angel came shining down from heaven, and led him out through the iron gates.

2. outside, outdoors

   Fæder ēode ūt þā cȳ tō melcenne.

   Dad went out to milk the cows.

   Iċ openode þā duru and stōp ūt.

   I opened the door and stepped outside.

派生語

• ūte
• ūtfūs

派生した語

• Middle English: oute, out, ut, ute, uth, wt, uot
  • English: out
  • Scots: out, oot
  • Yola: udh, uth, ut, out, outh

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈuːt/ (as a nominal prefix)
• IPA^(key): /uːt/ (as a verbal prefix)

接頭辞

ūt-

1. out
2. out of, from
3. without; outside of

派生語