policyとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle French policie, from Late Latin politia (“citizenship; government”), classical Latin polītīa (in Cicero), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “citizenship; polis, (city) state; government”), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”). Compare police and polity.

名詞

policy (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 policies)

1. A principle of behaviour, conduct etc. thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a government or other authoritative body. [from 15th c.]

   The Communist Party has a policy of returning power to the workers.

2. Wise or advantageous conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]
   • 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Modern Library Edition (1995), page 140:

     These bitter accusations might have been suppressed, had I with greater policy concealed my struggles, and flattered you […]

   • 1639, Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre

     The very policy of an hostess, finding his purse so far above his clothes, did detect him.

3. (now まれに) Specifically, political shrewdness or (formerly) cunning; statecraft. [from 15th c.]
   • 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.25:

     Whether he believed himself a god, or only took on the attributes of divinity from motives of policy, is a question for the psychologist, since the historical evidence is indecisive.

4. (Scotland, now chiefly in the plural) The grounds of a large country house. [from 18th c.]
   • 1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate 2012, page 36:

     Next morning was so splendid that as he walked through the policies towards the mansion house despair itself was lulled.

5. (obsolete) The art of governance; political science. [14th–18th c.]
   • a. 1616, William Shakespeare, Henry V, I.1:

     List his discourse of Warre; and you shall heare / A fearefull Battaile rendred you in Musique. / Turne him to any Cause of Pollicy, / The Gordian Knot of it he will vnloose, / Familiar as his Garter […]

6. (obsolete) A state; a polity. [14th–16th c.]
7. (obsolete) A set political system; civil administration. [15th–19th c.]
8. (obsolete) A trick; a stratagem. [15th–19th c.]
   • a. 1594, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus:

     'Tis pollicie, and stratageme must doe / That you affect, and so must you resolue, / That what you cannot as you would atcheiue, / You must perforce accomplish as you may.

9. (obsolete) Motive; object; inducement.
   • 1590, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the page number)”, in Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio, editors, The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] William Ponsonbie, OCLC 801077108; republished in Albert Feuillerat, editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, OCLC 318419127:

     What policy have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an injury?

派生語

派生した語

• → Burmese: ပေါ်လစီ (paula.ci)

動詞

policy (三人称単数 現在形 policies, 現在分詞 policying, 過去形および過去分詞形 policied)

1. (transitive) To regulate by laws; to reduce to order.
   • 1605, Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning

     Policying of cities.

語源 2

From Middle French police, from Italian polizza, from Medieval Latin apodissa (“receipt for money”), from Ancient Greek ἀπόδειξις (apódeixis, “proof, declaration”)

名詞

policy (複数形 policies)

1. (law)
   1. A contract of insurance.
   2. A document containing or certifying this contract.

      Your insurance policy covers fire and theft only.

2. (obsolete) An illegal daily lottery in late nineteenth and early twentieth century USA on numbers drawn from a lottery wheel (no 複数形)
3. A number pool lottery

同意語

• (number pool) policy racket

派生語

• policyholder