evidenceとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛvɪdəns/, /ˈɛvədəns/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): [ˈɛvəɾəns]
• ハイフネーション: ev‧i‧dence

名詞

evidence (usually uncountable, 複数形 evidences)

1. Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.
   • 1748, David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

     In our reasonings concerning matter of fact, there are all imaginable degrees of assurance, from the highest certainty to the lowest species of moral evidence. A wise man, therefore, proportions his belief to the evidence.

   • 2012 March 1, Brian Hayes, “Pixels or Perish”, in Drawings and pictures are more than mere ornaments in scientific discourse. Blackboard sketches, geological maps, diagrams of molecular structure, astronomical photographs, MRI images, the many varieties of statistical charts and graphs: These pictorial devices are indispensable tools for presenting evidence, for explaining a theory, for telling a story. There is no evidence that anyone was here earlier. We have enough cold hard evidence in that presentation which will make a world of pain for our parasitic friends at Antarctica. (law) Anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial.

     • 2004 April 15, “Morning swoop in hunt for Jodi's killer”, in The Scotsman:

       For Lothian and Borders Police, the early-morning raid had come at the end one of biggest investigations carried out by the force, which had originally presented a dossier of evidence on the murder of Jodi Jones to the Edinburgh procurator-fiscal, William Gallagher, on 25 November last year.

   • One who bears witness.
     • 1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. [...] In Four Volumes, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, III, または IV), Edinburgh: Printed for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., OCLC 2392685:

       infamous and perjured evidences

     • 1820, Charles Maturin, Melmoth the Wanderer, volume 1, page 53:

       He recapitulated the Sybil’s story word by word, with the air of a man who is cross-examining an evidence, and trying to make him contradict himself.

   • A body of objectively verifiable facts that are positively indicative of, and/or exclusively concordant with, that one conclusion over any other.

使用する際の注意点

• Adjectives often used with the term "evidence": documentary, physical, empirical, scientific, material, circumstantial, anectodal, objective, strong, weak, conclusive, hard

派生語

派生語

• after-discovered evidence
• clear and convincing evidence
• demurrer to evidence
• preponderance of evidence, preponderance of the evidence
• self-evidence

関連する語

• evident
• evidential

動詞

evidence (三人称単数 現在形 evidences, 現在分詞 evidencing, 過去形および過去分詞形 evidenced)

1. (transitive) To provide evidence for, or suggest the truth of.

   She was furious, as evidenced by her slamming the door.

引用

• For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:evidence.

Further reading

• evidence in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• evidence in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911