RAILとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English rail, rayl, *reȝel, *reȝol (found in reȝolsticke (“a ruler”)), partly from 古期英語 regol (“a ruler, straight bar”) and partly from Old French reille; both from Latin regula (“rule, bar”), from regere (“to rule, to guide, to govern”); see regular.

名詞

rail (複数形 rails)

1. A horizontal bar extending between supports and used for support or as a barrier; a railing.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Old Applegate, in the stern, just set and looked at me, and Lord James, amidship, waved both arms and kept hollering for help. I took a couple of everlasting big strokes and managed to grab hold of the skiff's rail, close to the stern.

2. The metal bar that makes the track for a railroad.
   • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

     A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

3. A railroad; a railway, as a means of transportation.

   We travelled to the seaside by rail.

   a small Scottish village not accessible by rail

4. A horizontal piece of wood that serves to separate sections of a door or window.
5. (surfing) One of the lengthwise edges of a surfboard.
   • c. 2000, Nick Carroll, surfline.com [1]:

     Rails alone can only ever have a marginal effect on a board's general turning ability.

6. (Internet) A vertical section on one side of a web page.

   We're experimenting with ads in the right-hand rail.

7. (drugs) A large line (portion または serving of a powdery illegal drug).

派生語

動詞

rail (三人称単数 現在形 rails, 現在分詞 railing, 過去形および過去分詞形 railed)

1. (intransitive) To travel by railway.
   • (Can we date this quote by Rudyard Kipling かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Mottram of the Indian Survey had ridden thirty and railed one hundred miles from his lonely post in the desert […]

2. (transitive) To enclose with rails or a railing.
   • (Can we date this quote by Ayliffe かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     It ought to be fenced in and railed.

3. (transitive) To range in a line.
   • (Can we date this quote by Francis Bacon かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     They were brought to London all railed in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart.

4. to criticize severely.

派生語

• unrail

語源 2

From French râle, Old French rasle. Compare Medieval Latin rallus. Named from its harsh cry, Vulgar Latin *rasculum, from Latin rādere (“to scrape”).

名詞

rail (複数形 rails)

1. Any of several birds in the family Rallidae.

使用する際の注意点

• Not all birds in the family Rallidae are rails by their common name. The family also includes coots, moorhens, crakes, flufftails, waterhens and others.

派生語

• Aztec rail
• banded rail
• buff-banded rail
• clapper rail
• king rail
• mangrove rail
• Mexican rail
• Okinawa rail
• Ridgway's rail
• water rail

関連する語

• ralline

参考

• corncrake

語源 3

From Middle French railler.

動詞

rail (三人称単数 現在形 rails, 現在分詞 railing, 過去形および過去分詞形 railed)

1. To complain violently (against, about).
   • 1882, Mark Twain, The Stolen White Elephant, [2]

     Now that the detectives were in adversity, the newspapers turned upon them, and began to fling the most stinging sarcasms at them. This gave the minstrels an idea, and they dressed themselves as detectives and hunted the elephant on the stage in the most extravagant way. The caricaturists made pictures of detectives scanning the country with spy-glasses, while the elephant, at their backs, stole apples out of their pockets. And they made all sorts of ridiculous pictures of the detective badge—you have seen that badge printed in gold on the back of detective novels no doubt, it is a wide-staring eye, with the legend, “WE NEVER SLEEP.” When detectives called for a drink, the would-be facetious barkeeper resurrected an obsolete form of expression and said, “Will you have an eye-opener?” All the air was thick with sarcasms. But there was one man who moved calm, untouched, unaffected, through it all. It was that heart of oak, the chief inspector. His brave eye never drooped, his serene confidence never wavered. He always said: “Let them rail on; he laughs best who laughs last.”

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 27:

     Chief Joyi railed against the white man, whom he believed had deliberately sundered the Xhosa tribe, dividing brother from brother.

   • 2012 June 4, Lewis Smith, “Queen’s English Society says enuf is enough, innit?: Society formed 40 years ago to protect language against poor spelling and grammar closes because too few people care”, in The Guardian‎^[3], London, archived from the original on 10 March 2016:

     The Queen may be celebrating her jubilee but the Queen's English Society, which has railed against the misuse and deterioration of the English language, is to fold.

語源 4

From Middle English rail, reil, from 古期英語 hræġl (“garment, dress, robe”). Cognate with Old Frisian hreil, reil, Old Saxon hregil, Old High German hregil (“clothing, garment, dress”).

別の表記

• rayle

名詞

rail (複数形 rails)

1. (obsolete) An item of clothing; a cloak or other garment; a dress.
2. (obsolete) Specifically, a woman's headscarf or neckerchief.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Fairholt to this entry?)

派生語

• night-rail

語源 5

Probably from Anglo-Norman raier, Middle French raier.

動詞

rail (三人称単数 現在形 rails, 現在分詞 railing, 過去形および過去分詞形 railed)

1. (obsolete, of a liquid) To gush, flow.
   • 1485 July 31, Thomas Malory, “Capitulum iv”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book V, [London: […] by William Caxton], OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: Published by David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:

     his breste and his brayle was bloodé – and hit rayled all over the see.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.2:

     So furiously each other did assayle, / As if their soules they would attonce haue rent / Out of their brests, that streames of bloud did rayle / Adowne, as if their springes of life were spent […].

参考

• ride the rail

アナグラム

• Lair, aril, lair, lari, liar, lira, rial