roadとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English rode, rade (“ride, journey”), from 古期英語 rād (“riding, hostile incursion”), from Proto-West Germanic *raidu, from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“a ride”), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride”). Doublet of raid, acquired from Scots, and West Frisian reed (paved trail/road, driveway).

The current primary meaning of "street, way for traveling" originated relatively late—Shakespeare seemed to expect his audiences to find it unfamiliar—and probably arose through reinterpetation of roadway as a tautological compound.

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: rōd, IPA^(key): /ɹəʊd/
• (General American) enPR: rōd, IPA^(key): /ɹoʊd/
• 韻: -əʊd
• 異形同音異義語: Rhode, rode, rowed

名詞

road (複数形 roads)

1. A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane. [from 16th c.]
   • 1852, Mrs M.A. Thompson, “The Tutor's Daughter”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion‎^[1], page 266:

     In the lightness of my heart I sang catches of songs as my horse gayly bore me along the well-remembered road.

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for.

2. (uncountable) Roads in general as a means of travel, especially by motor vehicle.

   We travelled to the seaside by road.

3. A way or route.

   the road to happiness; the road to success.

   • 1855-1857, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit

     He stirred up his hair with his sprightliest expression, glanced at the little figure again, said ‘Good evening, ma ‘am; don’t come down, Mrs Affery, I know the road to the door,’ and steamed out.

   • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney: Ure Smith, published 1965, page 131:

     Hetty and Mrs. Piper watched them with a lynx-eyed understanding and before the ancient was well upon his road his way was blocked by Hetty.

4. (figuratively) A path chosen in life or career. [from 17th c.]
   • 1964, Ronald Reagan: A Time for Choosing

     Where, then, is the road to peace?

   • 2012 September 7, Phil McNulty, BBC Sport:

     Hodgson may actually feel England could have scored even more but this was the perfect first step on the road to Rio in 2014 and the ideal platform for the second qualifier against Ukraine at Wembley on Tuesday.

5. An underground tunnel in a mine. [from 18th c.]
6. (US, rail transport) A railway or (Britain, rail transport) a single railway track. [from 19th c.]
7. (obsolete) The act of riding on horseback. [9th-17th c.]
8. (obsolete) A hostile ride against a particular area; a raid. [9th-19th c.]
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for VVilliam Ponsonby, OCLC 932900760, book VI, stanza 8, page 461:

     There dwelt a ſaluage nation, which did liue / Of ſtealth and ſpoile, and making nightly rode / Into their neighbours borders […]

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 1 Samuel 27:10, column 1:

     And Achiſh said, Whither haue ye made a rode to day? And Dauid said, Againſt the South of Iudah, and againſt the South of the Ierahmeelites, and againſt the South of the Kenites.

9. (nautical, often in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead. [from 14th c.]
   • c. 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act V scene i^[2]:

     Antonio: Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; / For here I read for certain that my ships / Are safely come to road.

   • 1630, John Smith, True Travels, in Kupperman 1988, page 38:

     There delivering their fraught, they went to Scandaroone; rather to view what ships was in the Roade, than any thing else […].

10. (obsolete) A journey, or stage of a journey.
    • c. 1613, William Shakespeare, Henry VIII, Act IV scene ii^[3]:

      At last, with easy roads, he came to Leicester; / Lodg'd in the abbey, where the reverend abbot, / With all his convent, honourably receiv'd him; […]

使用する際の注意点

Often used interchangeably with street or other similar words. When usage is distinguished, a road is a route between settlements (reflecting the etymological relation with ride), as in the Great North Road from London to Edinburgh, while a street is a route within a settlement (city または town), strictly speaking paved.

下位語

• See also Thesaurus:road

派生語