ruinとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English ruyne, ruine, from Old French ruine, from Latin ruīna (“overthrow, ruin”), from ruō (“I fall down, tumble, sink in ruin, rush”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹuː.ɪn/
• 韻: -uːɪn

名詞

ruin (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 ruins)

1. (countable, sometimes in the plural) The remains of a destroyed or dilapidated construction, such as a house or castle.
   • 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     The Veian and the Gabian towirs shall fall, / And one promiscuous ruin cover all; / Nor, after length of years, a stone betray / The place where once the very ruins lay.

   • a. 1812, Joseph Stevens Buckminster, sermon:

     The labour of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     A canister of flour from the kitchen had been thrown at the looking-glass and lay like trampled snow over the remains of a decent blue suit with the lining ripped out which lay on top of the ruin of a plastic wardrobe.

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Eden Prime:

     Dr. Manuel: No one is saved. The age of humanity is ended. Soon, only ruin and corpses will remain.

2. (uncountable) The state of being a ruin, destroyed or decayed.

   The monastery has fallen into ruin.

3. (uncountable) Something that leads to serious trouble or destruction.

   Gambling has been the ruin of many.

   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Youth and Age”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     The errors of young men are the ruin of business.

   • 1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart; Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:

     The Bat—they called him the Bat. […]. He […] played a lone hand, […]. Most lone wolves had a moll at any rate—women were their ruin—but if the Bat had a moll, not even the grapevine telegraph could locate her.

4. The act of ruining something.
5. (obsolete) A fall or tumble.
   • [1611?], Homer, “(please specify |book=I to XXIV)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC; The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], volume (please specify the book number), new edition, London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, →OCLC:

     His ruin startled th' other steeds.

6. A change that destroys or defeats something; destruction; overthrow.

   the ruin of a ship or an army;  the ruin of a constitution or a government;  the ruin of health or hopes

   • 1768, Thomas Gray, The Bard:

     Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!

7. (uncountable) Complete financial loss; bankruptcy.

動詞

ruin (third-person singular simple present ruins, present participle ruining, simple past and past participle ruined or (dialectal, 一般的ではない用法) ruint)

1. (transitive) To cause the fiscal ruin of; to bankrupt or drive out of business.

   With all these purchases, you surely mean to ruin us!

   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

     In one way, indeed, he bade fair to ruin us; for he kept on staying week after week, and at last month after month, so that all the money had been long exhausted...

2. To destroy or make something no longer usable.

   He ruined his new white slacks by accidentally spilling oil on them.

   • 1857, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Golden Mile-Stone

     By the fireside there are old men seated, / Seeing ruined cities in the ashes.

3. To upset or overturn the plans or progress of, or to have a disastrous effect on something.

   My car breaking down just as I was on the road ruined my vacation.

4. To make something less enjoyable or likeable.

   I used to love that song, but being assaulted when that song was playing ruined the song for me.

5. To reveal the ending of (a story); to spoil.
6. (obsolete) To fall into a state of decay.
   • 1636, George Sandys, Paraphrase upon the Psalmes and upon the Hymnes dispersed throughout the Old and New Testaments

     Though he his house of polisht marble build, / Yet shall it ruine like the Moth's fraile cell

7. (transitive, historical) To seduce or debauch, and thus harm the social standing of.

   The young libertine was notorious for ruining local girls.

同意語

• destroy
• fordo
• ruinate
• wreck
• See also Thesaurus:spoil

反意語

• build
• construct
• found
• produce

関連する語

• ruination
• ruinable
• ruiner
• ruinous
• ruint

Further reading

• ruin in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• “ruin”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• ruin at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• Irun