ruinとは

語源

From Middle English ruine, from Old French ruine, from Latin ruīna (“overthrow, ruin”), from ruō (“I fall down, tumble, sink in ruin, rush”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɹuː.ɪn/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɹu.ɪn/
• 韻: -uːɪn

名詞

ruin (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 ruins)

1. (countable, sometimes in the plural) The remains of a destroyed or dilapidated construction, such as a house or castle.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Joseph Addison

     The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, / And one promiscuous ruin cover all; / Nor, after length of years, a stone betray / The place where once the very ruins lay.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Joseph Stevens Buckminster

     The labour of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     A canister of flour from the kitchen had been thrown at the looking-glass and lay like trampled snow over the remains of a decent blue suit with the lining ripped out which lay on top of the ruin of a plastic wardrobe.

2. (uncountable) The state of being a ruin, destroyed or decayed.

   The monastery has fallen into ruin.

3. (uncountable) Something that leads to serious trouble or destruction.

   Gambling has been the ruin of many.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Francis Bacon

     The errors of young men are the ruin of business.

   • 1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart; Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, OCLC 20230794, page 01:

     The Bat—they called him the Bat. […]. He […] played a lone hand, […]. Most lone wolves had a moll at any rate—women were their ruin—but if the Bat had a moll, not even the grapevine telegraph could locate her.

4. (obsolete) A fall or tumble.
   • (Can we date this quote?) George Chapman

     His ruin startled the other steeds.

5. A change that destroys or defeats something; destruction; overthrow.

   the ruin of a ship or an army;  the ruin of a constitution or a government;  the ruin of health or hopes

   • (Can we date this quote?) Thomas Gray

     Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!

6. (uncountable) Complete financial loss; bankruptcy.

動詞

ruin (三人称単数 現在形 ruins, 現在分詞 ruining, 過去形および過去分詞形 ruined)

1. (transitive) to cause the fiscal ruin of.

   With all these purchases, you surely mean to ruin us!

   • 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

     In one way, indeed, he bade fair to ruin us; for he kept on staying week after week, and at last month after month, so that all the money had been long exhausted...

2. To destroy or make something no longer usable.

   He ruined his new white slacks by accidentally spilling oil on them.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Longfellow

     By the fireside there are old men seated, / Seeling ruined cities in the ashes.

3. To cause severe financial loss to; to bankrupt or drive out of business.

   The crooked stockbroker's fraudulent scheme ruined dozens of victims; some investors lost their life savings and even their houses.

4. To upset or overturn the plans or progress of, or to put into disarray; to spoil.

   My car breaking down just as I was on the road ruined my vacation.

5. To reveal the ending of (a story); to spoil.
6. (obsolete) To fall into a state of destruction.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Sandys

     Though he his house of polisht marble build, / Yet shall it ruine like the Moth's fraile cell

同意語

• destroy
• fordo
• ruinate
• wreck

反意語

• build
• construct
• found
• produce

関連する語

• ruination
• ruinable
• ruiner
• ruinous

Further reading

• ruin in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• ruin in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• ruin at OneLook Dictionary Search