familyとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈfæm(ɪ)li/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈfæm(ə)li/, /ˈfæmɪli/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈfɛm(ɘ)li/
• ハイフネーション: fa‧mi‧ly, fam‧ily

名詞

family (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 families)

1. (countable) A group of people who are closely related to one another (by blood, marriage または adoption); kin; for example, a set of parents and their children; an immediate family.

   Our family lives in town.

   • 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], OCLC 16832619:

     Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off.

   • 2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 11:

     America’s poverty line is $63 a day for a family of four. In the richer parts of the emerging world $4 a day is the poverty barrier. But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 ([…]): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short.

   • 2018 May 6, John Oliver, “Rudy Giuliani”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 5, episode 10, HBO:

     They’re both New Yorkers coasting on their reputations, they’ve both had three marriages, neither of them can shut up when in front of a camera, and perhaps most importantly, they both want to fuck Ivanka, which-which is weird for Trump because Ivanka is in his family, and it’s weird for Giuliani because she isn’t.

2. (countable) An extended family; a group of people who are related to one another by blood or marriage.
   • 1915, William T. Groves, A History and Genealogy of the Groves Family in America

1. (countable) A (close-knit) group of people related by blood, friendship, marriage, law, or custom, especially if they live or work together.

   crime family, Mafia family

   This is my fraternity family at the university.

   Our company is one big happy family.

2. (uncountable, taxonomy) lineage, especially an honorable one
   • 1853, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, ch 2:

     Indeed, he married her for love. A whisper still goes about that she had not even 'family'; howbeit, Sir Leicester had so much family that perhaps he had enough and could dispense with any more.

3. (countable, taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank.

   Magnolias belong to the family Magnoliaceae.

   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 4:

     The closest affinities of the Jubulaceae are with the Lejeuneaceae. The two families share in common: a elaters usually 1-spiral, trumpet-shaped and fixed to the capsule valves, distally […].

4. (countable) Any group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order.

   Doliracetam is a drug from the racetam family.

   • 2010, Gary Shelly, Jennifer Campbell, Ollie Rivers, Microsoft Expression Web 3: Complete (page 262)

     When creating a font family, first decide whether to use all serif or all sans-serif fonts, then choose two or three fonts of that type […]

5. (countable, music) A group of instruments having the same basic method of tone production.

   the brass family;  the violin family

6. (countable, linguistics) A group of languages believed to have descended from the same ancestral language.

   the Indo-European language family;  the Afroasiatic language family

7. Used attributively.

   The dog was kept as a family pet.

   For Apocynaceae, this type of flower is a family characteristic.

   • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:

     Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.

使用する際の注意点

• In some dialects, family is used as a plural (only) noun.

同意語

• (relatives): flesh and blood, kin, kinfolk
• (class): Thesaurus:class

下位語

• (relatives): nuclear family, immediate family, extended family
• (コンピューター): C family

派生した語

• Jamaican Creole: faambli, fambili
• Tok Pisin: famili
• → Chuukese: famini
• → Malay: famili
  • Indonesian: famili
• → Maori: whāmere

形容詞

family (not comparable)

1. Suitable for children and adults.

   It's not good for a date, it's a family restaurant.

   Some animated movies are not just for kids, they are family movies.

2. Conservative, traditional.

   The cultural struggle is for the survival of family values against all manner of atheistic amorality.

3. (slang) Homosexual.

   I knew he was family when I first met him.

派生語

関連する語

参考

• Category:Family

Further reading

• family (people) on Wikipedia.
• Family (biology) on Wikipedia.

参照

• family at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “family” in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary.
• “family” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• family in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• "family" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 1.
• family in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• family in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.