raiseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”).

Cognate with 古期英語 rāsian (“to explore, examine, research”), 古期英語 rīsan (“to seize, carry off”), 古期英語 rǣran (“to raise”). Doublet of rear.

動詞

raise (三人称単数 現在形 raises, 現在分詞 raising, 過去形および過去分詞形 raised)

1. (physical) To cause to rise; to lift or elevate.

   to raise your hand if you want to say something; to raise your walking stick to defend yourself

   1. To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect.

      to raise a wall, or a heap of stones

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Isaiah xxxix:3:

        I will raise forts against thee.

   2. To cause something to come to the surface of water.

      The ship was raised ten years after it had sunk.

   3. (nautical) To cause (the land または any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it.

      to raise Sandy Hook light

   4. To make (bread, etc.) light, as by yeast or leaven.
   5. (figuratively) To cause (a dead person) to live again; to resurrect.

      The magic spell raised the dead from their graves!

   6. (military) To remove or break up (a blockade), either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.
   7. (military, transitive) To relinquish (a siege), or cause this to be done.
2. (transitive) To create, increase or develop.

   We need to raise the motivation level in the company.

   to raise the quality of the products; to raise the price of goods; to raise (increase) taxes

   1. To collect or amass.

      to raise a lot of money for charity; to raise troops

      • 2021 October 20, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 942, page 71:

        Every pound raised goes to helping some of the world's most vulnerable children.

   2. (obsolete) To call up the forces of, to raise the troops from.
      • 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act III:

        May it pleaſe your Grace that I ſhall raiſe the ſtreets,
        To Gard your Maieſtie through Smithfield as you walke.

   3. To bring up; to grow.

      We visited a farm where they raise chickens.

      Chew with your mouth shut — were you raised in a barn?

      • 1981, Hualing Nieh, editor, Literature of the Hundred Flowers‎^[1], volume II, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page xxxix:

        Ting Ling had disappeared from public life in 1958. She was accused of being a "Rightist" and was sent to a farm in Hei-lung-chiang Province in remote northeast China, worked there twelve years raising chickens, was in prison five years (1970-1975), and began to live in a village in Shansi in 1975.

   4. To promote.

      to raise somebody to office

   5. To mention (a question, issue) for discussion.

      A few important questions were raised after the attack.

   6. (law) To create; to constitute (a use, または a beneficial interest in property).

      There should be some consideration (i.e., payment または exchange) to raise a use.

   7. To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear.

      Starting in January we will raise (introduce) taxes on all tobacco substitutes and vaping accessories.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Deuteronomy xviii:18:

        I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee.

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

        God voutsafes to raise another World From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget.

      • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

        The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. […] Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?

3. To establish contact with (e.g., by telephone または radio).

   Despite all the call congestion, she was eventually able to raise the police.

4. (poker, intransitive) To respond to a bet by increasing the amount required to continue in the hand.

   John bet, and Julie raised, requiring John to put in more money.

5. (arithmetic) To exponentiate, to involute.

   Two raised to the fifth power equals 32.

6. (linguistics, transitive, of a verb) To extract (a subject または other verb argument) out of an inner clause.
7. (linguistics, transitive, of a vowel) To produce a vowel with the tongue positioned closer to the roof of the mouth.
8. To increase the nominal value of (a cheque, money order, etc.) by fraudulently changing the writing or printing in which the sum payable is specified.
9. (programming, transitive) To instantiate and transmit (an exception, by throwing it, または an event).

   A division by zero will raise an exception.

   • 2007, Bruce Bukovics, Pro WF: Windows Workflow in .NET 3.0 (page 243)

     Provide some mechanism in the local service class to raise the event. This might take the form of a public method that the host application can invoke to raise the event.

10. (India, transitive) To open, initiate.

    I will raise a trouble-ticket in order to correct this reporting issue.

使用する際の注意点

• It is standard US English to raise children, and this usage has become common in all kinds of English since the 1700s. Until fairly recently, however, US teachers taught the traditional rule that one should raise crops and animals, but rear children, despite the fact that this contradicted general usage. It is therefore not surprising that some people still prefer "to rear children" and that this is considered correct but formal in US English. Modern British English also prefers "raise" over "rear".
• It is generally considered incorrect to say rear crops or (adult) animals in US English, but this expression is (または was until relatively recently) common in British English.

同意語

• (to cause to rise): lift

派生語

名詞

raise (複数形 raises)

1. (US) Ellipsis of pay raise.: an increase in wages or salary.

   The boss gave me a raise.

2. (weightlifting) A shoulder exercise in which the arms are elevated against resistance.
3. (curling) A shot in which the delivered stone bumps another stone forward.
4. (poker) A bet that increases the previous bet.

同意語

• (increase in wages または salary): rise, pay rise (英国用法)

派生語

• lateral raise
• leg raise

語源 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hreysi; the spelling came about under the influence of the folk etymology that derived it from the verb.

名詞

raise (複数形 raises)

1. A cairn or pile of stones.

Further reading

• raise on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Aesir, Aries, ERISA, Resia, aesir, aires, arise, reais, serai