bankとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /bæŋk/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): (see /æ/ raising) [beɪŋk]
• 韻: -æŋk

語源 1

From Middle English banke, from Middle French banque, from Italian banca (“counter, moneychanger's bench または table”), from Lombardic bank (“bench, counter”), from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench, counter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to turn, curve, bend, bow”). Doublet of bench and banc.

名詞

bank (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 banks)

1. (countable) An institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs.
   • 2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 71:

     Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. […] Banks and credit-card firms are kept out of the picture. Talk to enough people in the field and someone is bound to mention the “democratisation of finance”.

2. (countable) A branch office of such an institution.
3. (countable) An underwriter or controller of a card game.

   Synonyms: banker, banque

4. (countable) A fund from deposits or contributions, to be used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Usury”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290:

     Let it be no bank or common stock, but every man be master of his own money.

5. (gambling, countable) The sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses.
6. (slang, uncountable) Money; profit.
   • 2010, Paul Bouchard, Enlistment, page 113:

     Military dude was working for a drug dealer, right? and making good bank with it—he was making good money.

7. (countable) In certain games, such as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw.
8. (countable, chiefly in combination) A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.

   blood bank; sperm bank; data bank

9. (countable) A device used to store coins or currency.

   If you want to buy a bicycle, you need to put the money in your piggy bank.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

Borrowings

Some may be via other European languages.

動詞

bank (三人称単数 現在形 banks, 現在分詞 banking, 過去形および過去分詞形 banked)

1. (intransitive) To deal with a bank or financial institution, or for an institution to provide financial services to a client.

   He banked with Barclays.

   • 1979, Douglas Adams, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:

     the sort of face you would happily bank with

2. (transitive) To put into a bank.

   I'm going to bank the money.

3. (transitive, slang) To conceal in the rectum for use in prison.

   Johnny banked some coke for me.

派生語

• bankable
• banked
• banker
• banking
• bank on
• double-banked

語源 2

From Middle English bank, from 古期英語 hōbanca (“couch”) and 古期英語 banc (“bank, hillock, embankment”), from Proto-Germanic *bankô. Akin to Old Norse bakki (“elevation, hill”), Norwegian bakke (“slope, hill”).

名詞

bank (複数形 banks)

2. (hydrology) An edge of river, lake, or other watercourse.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:

     Tiber trembled underneath her banks.

   • 2014, Ian Jack, "Is this the end of Britishness", The Guardian, 16 September 2014:

     Just upstream of Dryburgh Abbey, a reproduction of a classical Greek temple stands at the top of a wooded hillock on the river’s north bank.

3. (nautical, hydrology) An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shallow area of shifting sand, gravel, mud, and so forth (for example, a sandbank または mudbank).

   the banks of Newfoundland

4. (geography) A slope of earth, sand, etc.; an embankment.
5. (aviation) The incline of an aircraft, especially during a turn.
6. (rail transport) An incline, a hill.
   • 1940 December, O. S. M. Raw, “The Rhodesia Railways—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 640:

     This is the hardest duty on the railway, for the trains are heavy and there are some long 1 in 40 banks.

7. A mass noun for a quantity of clouds.

   The bank of clouds on the horizon announced the arrival of the predicted storm front.

8. (mining) The face of the coal at which miners are working.
9. (mining) A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water level.
10. (mining) The ground at the top of a shaft.

    Ores are brought to bank.

派生語

関連する語

• bench

動詞

bank (三人称単数 現在形 banks, 現在分詞 banking, 過去形および過去分詞形 banked)

1. (intransitive, aviation) To roll or incline laterally in order to turn.
3. (transitive) To cause (an aircraft) to bank.
4. (transitive) To form into a bank or heap, to bank up.

   to bank sand

5. (transitive) To cover the embers of a fire with ashes in order to retain heat.
6. (transitive) To raise a mound or dike about; to enclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to embank.
   • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the VVorld. Commonly Called, The Natvrall Historie of C. Plinivs Secvndus. […], (please specify |tome=1 または 2), London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, OCLC 1180792622:

     Aristoma∣chus would haue them to be stript from their leaues in winter, & in any hand to be banked well about, that the water stand not there in any hollow furrow or hole lower than the other ground

7. (transitive, obsolete) To pass by the banks of.
   • c. 1595, William Shakespeare, King John, Act 5, Scene 2:

     Have I not heard these islanders shout out / Vive le roi! as I have banked their towns?

8. (rail transport, UK) To provide additional power for a train ascending a bank (incline) by attaching another locomotive.
   • 1942 March, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes”, in Railway Magazine, page 93:

     Some interesting facts have recently been made known by the L.N.E.R. concerning the 178-ton Garratt 2-8-0 + 0-8-2 engine No. 2395, which since construction in 1925 has spent the whole of its working life banking coal trains up the 3 miles of 1 in 40 between Wentworth junction and West Silkstone, on the Worsborough branch, near Barnsley.

   • 1960 July, “Motive Power Miscellany: Western Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 443:

     [...] the 4-4-0 unhappily stalled after a stop on Reading Old Bank with its eight-coach load and the Reading Up Line pilot, a "Hall", had to bank the train into Reading General.

   • 1960 September, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part One”, in Trains Ilustrated, page 558:

     Soon after leaving Bebra the line rises, mostly at 1 in 74, for 7 miles to Cornberg and all trains of over 400 tons are banked.

派生語

• bank-and-turn indicator, turn-and-bank indicator

語源 3

From Middle English bank (“bank”), banke, from Old French banc (“bench”), from Frankish *bank. Akin to 古期英語 benc (“bench”).

名詞

bank (複数形 banks)

1. A row or panel of items stored or grouped together.

   a bank of switches

   a bank of pay phones

   • 2011 December 10, Marc Higginson, “Bolton 1 - 2 Aston Villa”, in BBC Sport‎^[2]:

     Wanderers were finally woken from their slumber when Kevin Davies brought a fine save out of Brad Guzan while, minutes after the restart, Klasnic was blocked out by a bank of Villa defenders.

2. A row of keys on a musical keyboard or the equivalent on a typewriter keyboard.
3. (computing) A contiguous block of memory that is of fixed, hardware-dependent size, but often larger than a page and partitioning the memory such that two distinct banks do not overlap.
4. (pinball) A set of multiple adjacent drop targets.

同意語

• (row または panel of items): (row) line, rank, tier; (panel) block, grid, panel

派生語

• double-bank
• filter bank, filterbank
• optical bank
• phone bank

動詞

bank (三人称単数 現在形 banks, 現在分詞 banking, 過去形および過去分詞形 banked)

1. (transitive, order かつ arrangement) To arrange or order in a row.

語源 4

Probably from French banc. Of Germanic origin, and akin to English bench.

名詞

bank (複数形 banks)

1. A bench, as for rowers in a galley; also, a tier of oars.
   • 1658, Edmund Waller, he Passion of Dido for Æneas

     Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojans sweep / Neptune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding deep.

2. A bench or seat for judges in court.
3. The regular term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at nisi prius, or a court held for jury trials. See banc^[1]
4. (archaic, printing) A kind of table used by printers.
5. (music) A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ^[2].
6. (uncountable) slang for money

派生語

• Bank Royal
• Common Bank

関連する語

• banc
• banquette
• frank bank

参照

• “bank”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

アナグラム

• Knab, knab, nabk