topとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /tɒp/, [tʰɒp]
• (General American) IPA^(key): /tɑp/, [tʰɑp]
• 韻: -ɒp

名詞

top (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 tops)

1. The highest or uppermost part of something.

   His kite got caught at the top of the tree.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

     But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶ […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, […].

   1. (irrespective of present orientation) the part of something that is usually the top.
      • 2017 October 1 (last accessed), Dewayne Carel, “Cooler Master V8 CPU Cooler”, in (Please provide the book title または journal name)‎^[1]:

        To mount the V8, I simply placed it on its top, and then prepped the mobo/CPU for installation (applied thermal compound).

      We flipped the machine onto its top.

   2. The uppermost part of a page, picture, viewing screen, etc.

      Further weather information can be found at the top of your television screen.  Headings appear at the tops of pages.

   3. A lid, cap or cover of a container.

      Put a top on the toothpaste tube or it will go bad.

   4. A garment worn to cover the torso.

      I bought this top as it matches my jeans.

   5. A framework at the top of a ship's mast to which rigging is attached.
   6. (baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.
   7. (archaic) The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head.
      • (Can we date this quote by Edmund Spenser かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

        from top to toe

      • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene ii]:

        All the stored vengeances of Heaven fall / On her ungrateful top!

2. A child’s spinning toy; a spinning top.

   The boy was amazed at how long the top would spin.

3. (heading) Someone who is eminent.
   1. (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
      • 1649, [John] Milton, [Eikonoklastes]  […], London: Printed by Matthew Simmons,  […], OCLC 1044608640:

        to be the top of zealots

   2. The highest rank; the most honourable position; the utmost attainable place.

      to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school

      • c. 1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:

        And wears upon his baby brow the round / And top of sovereignty.

      • 2011 September 29, Tom Rostance, “Stoke 2-1 Besiktas”, in BBC Sport:

        After drawing their first game in Kiev the Potters are now top of Europa League Group E ahead of back-to-back games with Maccabi Tel-Aviv.

4. (BDSM) A dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
5. (LGBT, slang) A man penetrating or with a preference for penetrating during homosexual intercourse.

   I prefer being a top, and my boyfriend prefers being a bottom.

6. (physics) A top quark.
7. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
   • June 18 1714, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift

     The top of my own ambition is to contribute to that work.

8. (ropemaking) A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.
9. (sound) Highest pitch or loudest volume.

   She sang at the top of her voice.

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.

10. (wool manufacture) A bundle or ball of slivers of combed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
11. (廃れた用法, except in one sense of phrase on top of) Eve; verge; point.
    • (Can we date this quote by Richard Knolles かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

      He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine.

12. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

13. (in the plural, slang, dated) Topboots.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Charles Dickens to this entry?)

14. (golf) A stroke on the top of the ball.
15. (golf) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top.
16. (in restaurants, preceded by a number) (A table at which there is, または which has enough seats for) a group of a specified number of people eating at a restaurant.
    • 2014, Jamey Glasnovic, Lost and Found: Adrift in the Canadian Rockies, →ISBN, page 144:

      […] but with only three other tables on the patio apart from myself – two three-tops and a five-top – it's hard to imagine what the holdup is.

    • 2015, Jeff Benjamin, Front of the House: Restaurant Manners, Misbehaviors & Secrets, →ISBN:

      It is uncanny how a server can stand in front of a ten top, without the safety net of pen and paper, and remember every item ordered by each guest including salads, […]

同意語

• (highest part): peak, summit, overside
• (part seen, または intended to be seen, nearest the edge of the visual field normally occupied by the uppermost visible objects): head (of a page)
• (lid): cap, cover, lid
• (BDSM): dom (usually male), domme (female)
• (LGBT): See Thesaurus:male homosexual

反意語

• (highest part): bottom, base, underside
• (part seen, または intended to be seen, nearest the edge of the visual field normally occupied by the uppermost visible objects): foot (of a page)
• (garment): bottom
• (BDSM): bottom, sub
• (LGBT): See Thesaurus:male homosexual

派生語

動詞

top (三人称単数 現在形 tops, 現在分詞 topping, 過去形および過去分詞形 topped)

1. To cover on the top or with a top.

   I like my ice cream topped with chocolate sauce.

2. To cut or remove the top (as of a tree)

   I don't want to be bald, so just top my hair.

   Top and tail the carrots.

   • 2003, Dan Prendergast, Erin Prendergast, The Tree Doctor: A Guide to Tree Care and Maintenance, →ISBN, page 78:

     Topping depletes the tree of stored energy reserves and reduces the tree's ability to produce energy, as a large percentage of the leaves are removed.

3. To excel, to surpass, to beat.

   Titanic was the most successful film ever until it was topped by another Cameron film, Avatar.

   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed, / And my invention thrive, Edmund the base / Shall top th' legitimate. I grow; I prosper

4. To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).

   Celine Dion topped the UK music charts twice in the 1990s.

   • 2013, Phil McNulty, "[2]", BBC Sport, 26 December 2013:

     Liverpool topped the table on Christmas Day and, after Arsenal's win at West Ham earlier on Boxing Day, would have returned to the top had they been the first team to beat City at home this season.

5. (Britain, slang, reflexive) To commit suicide.

   Depression causes many people to top themselves.

6. (Britain, slang, まれに) To murder.
7. (BDSM) To be the dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.

   I used to be a slave, but I ended up topping.

   Giving advice to the dominant partner on how to run the BDSM session is called "topping from the bottom".

8. (slang, gay sexuality, intransitive) To be the partner who penetrates in anal sex.
9. (slang, gay sexuality, transitive) To anally penetrate.
10. (archaic) To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower.

    lofty ridges and topping mountains

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Derham to this entry?)

11. (archaic) To predominate.

    topping passions

    • (Can we date this quote by John Locke かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

      influenced by topping uneasiness

12. (archaic) To excel; to rise above others.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Dryden to this entry?)

13. (nautical) To raise one end of (a yard, etc.), making it higher than the other.
14. (dyeing) To cover with another dye.

    to top aniline black with methyl violet to prevent greening

15. To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).
16. (slang, dated) To arrange (fruit, etc.) with the best on top.
17. (of a horse) To strike the top of (an obstacle) with the hind feet while jumping, so as to gain new impetus.
18. To improve (domestic animals, especially sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior breeds.
19. To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.
20. (golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.

同意語

• (excel): beat, better, best, do better than, exceed, excel, outdo, surpass, trump, worst
• (kill):
  • (standard): kill, murder, slaughter, slay
  • (informal/slang): do in, do away with, take out, wipe out

派生語

• (kill): top oneself
• untopped

形容詞

top (not comparable)

1. Situated on the top of something.
2. (informal) Best; of the highest quality or rank.

   She's in the top dance school.

3. (informal) Very good, of high quality, power, or rank.

   He's a top lawyer.

   That is a top car.

   • 2018 July 31, Julia Carrie Wong, “What is QAnon? Explaining the bizarre rightwing conspiracy theory”, in The Guardian‎^[3]:

     In a thread called “Calm Before the Storm”, and in subsequent posts, Q established his legend as a government insider with top security clearance who knew the truth about a secret struggle for power involving Donald Trump, the “deep state”, Robert Mueller, the Clintons, pedophile rings, and other stuff.

関連する語

副詞

top (not comparable)

1. Rated first.

   She came top in her French exam.

同意語

• first

参考

• topple

アナグラム

• OPT, OPt, OTP, PTO, TPO, oPt, opt, opt., pot