holeとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English hole, hol, from 古期英語 hol (“orifice, hollow place, cavity”), from Proto-Germanic *hulą (“hollow space, cavity”) noun derivative of Proto-Germanic *hulaz (“hollow”). Cognate with Dutch hol, Walloon hol, Swedish hål, Norwegian Bokmål hull (“hole”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Faroese hol (“hole”). Compare also German Höhle. More at hollow.

名詞

hole (複数形 holes)

1. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure.

   There’s a hole in my shoe.  Her stocking has a hole in it.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Kings 12:9:

     The priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid.

   • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene vii]:

     To be called into a huge sphere, and not to be seen to move in't, are the holes where eyes should be, which pitifully disaster the cheeks.

   • 1840, Alfred Tennyson, Godiva:

     […] her palfrey’s footfall shot
     Light horrors thro’ her pulses: the blind walls
     Were full of chinks and holes; and overhead
     Fantastic gables, crowding, stared: […]

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

   1. An opening in a solid.

      There’s a hole in my bucket.

2. (heading) In games.
   1. (golf) A subsurface standard-size hole, also called cup, hitting the ball into which is the object of play. Each hole, of which there are usually eighteen as the standard on a full course, is located on a prepared surface, called the green, of a particular type grass.
   2. (golf) The part of a game in which a player attempts to hit the ball into one of the holes.

      I played 18 holes yesterday.  The second hole today cost me three strokes over par.

   3. (baseball) The rear portion of the defensive team between the shortstop and the third baseman.

      The shortstop ranged deep into the hole to make the stop.

   4. (chess) A square on the board, with some positional significance, that a player does not, and cannot in future, control with a friendly pawn.
   5. (stud poker) A card (also called a hole card) dealt face down thus unknown to all but its holder; the status in which such a card is.
   6. In the game of fives, part of the floor of the court between the step and the pepperbox.
3. (archaeology, slang) An excavation pit or trench.
4. (figuratively) A weakness; a flaw or ambiguity.

   I have found a hole in your argument.

   • 2011, Fun - We Are Young

     But between the drinks and subtle things / The holes in my apologies, you know / I’m trying hard to take it back

5. (informal) A container or receptacle.

   car hole;  brain hole

6. (physics) In semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.
7. (computing) A security vulnerability in software which can be taken advantage of by an exploit.
8. (slang, anatomy) An orifice, in particular the anus. When used with shut it always refers to the mouth.

   Just shut your hole!

9. (Ireland, Scotland, particularly in the phrase "get one's hole") Sex, or a sex partner.

   Are you going out to get your hole tonight?

10. (informal, with "the") Solitary confinement, a high-security prison cell often used as punishment.

    Synonym: box

    • 2011, Ahmariah Jackson, IAtomic Seven, Locked Up but Not Locked Down

      Disciplinary actions can range from a mere write up to serious time in the hole.

11. (slang) An undesirable place to live or visit; a hovel.

    His apartment is a hole!

12. (figuratively) Difficulty, in particular, debt.

    If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.

13. (graph theory) A chordless cycle in a graph.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:hole
• (solitary confinement): administrative segregation, ad-seg, block (英国用法), box, cooler (英国用法), hotbox, lockdown, pound, SCU, security housing unit, SHU, special handling unit

派生語

派生した語

• → Japanese: ホール (hōru)
• Sranan Tongo: olo

動詞

hole (三人称単数 現在形 holes, 現在分詞 holing, 過去形および過去分詞形 holed)

1. (transitive) To make holes in (an object または surface).

   Shrapnel holed the ship's hull.

2. (transitive, by extension) To destroy.

   She completely holed the argument.

3. (intransitive) To go into a hole.
   • 1631, Ben Jonson, The Staple of News, Act IV, scene ii:

     Good master Picklock, with your worming brain,
     And wriggling engine-head of maintenance,
     Which I shall see you hole with very shortly!
     A fine round head, when those two lugs are off,
     To trundle through a pillory!

4. (transitive) To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball or golf ball.
   • 1799, Sporting Magazine (volume 13, page 49)

     If the player holes the red ball, he scores three, and upon holing his adversary's ball, he gains two; and thus it frequently happens, that seven are got upon a single stroke, by caramboling and holing both balls.

   Woods holed a standard three foot putt

5. (transitive) To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in.

   to hole a post for the insertion of rails or bars

派生語

• holeable
• holer
• hole out
• hole up