bowとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: bō, IPA^(key): /bəʊ/
• (米国用法) enPR: bō, IPA^(key): /boʊ/
• Rhymes: -əʊ
• Homophone: beau

名詞

a bow (1)

Four different types of bow (3)

bow (複数形 bows)

1. A weapon made of a curved piece of wood or other flexible material whose ends are connected by a string, used for shooting arrows.
2. A curved bend in a rod or planar surface, or in a linear formation such as a river (see oxbow).
3. A rod with horsehair (または an artificial substitute) stretched between the ends, used for playing various stringed musical instruments.
4. A stringed instrument (chordophone), consisting of a stick with a single taut cord stretched between the ends, most often played by plucking.
5. A type of knot with two loops, used to tie together two cords such as shoelaces or apron strings, and frequently used as decoration, such as in gift-wrapping.
6. Anything bent or curved, such as a rainbow.
   • Bible, Genesis ix. 13

     I do set my bow in the cloud.

7. The U-shaped piece which goes around the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke.
8. Either of the arms of a pair of spectacles, running from the side of the lens to behind the wearer's ear.
   • 1991, Stephen King, Needful Things:

     […] she kept toying with a pair of old sunglasses which lay beside her on the kitchen table. One of the bows had been mended with adhesive tape, and one of the lenses was cracked.

9. Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.
10. (nautical) A crude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea.
11. (saddlery) Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree.
12. The part of a key that is not inserted into the lock and that is used to turn the key.

    Coordinate term: blade

同意語

• (bow-shaped bend): arc, bend, curve
• (tool for playing stringed instruments): fiddlestick
• (a type of stringed instrument): musical bow

派生語

動詞

bow (三人称単数 現在形 bows, 現在分詞 bowing, 過去形および過去分詞形 bowed)

1. To play music on (a stringed) instrument using a bow.

   The musician bowed his violin expertly.

2. (intransitive) To become bent or curved.

   The shelf bowed under the weight of the books.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Psalms 62:3:

     How long wil ye imagine mischiefe against a man? ye shall be slaine all of you: as a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence.

3. (transitive) To make something bend or curve.
   • 1644, J[ohn] M[ilton], chapter I, in The Doctrine or Discipline of Divorce: […] in Two Books: […], 2nd edition, London: [s.n.], OCLC 868004604, book II, page 32:

     […] as when we bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their naturall ſtraitneſſe.

   • (Can we date this quote by Prescott かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny.

4. (transitive, figuratively) To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline.
   • (Can we date this quote by Francis Bacon かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion.

   • (Can we date this quote by Fuller かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     not to bow and bias their opinions

5. (intransitive) To premiere.

   Cronenberg’s "Cosmopolis" bows in Cannes this week.

派生語

• bower
• diddley bower

語源 2

From Middle English bowen, buwen, buȝen, from 古期英語 būgan, from Proto-Germanic *beuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ- (“to bend”). Cognate with Dutch buigen, German biegen, Danish bue.

発音

• enPR: bou, IPA^(key): /baʊ/
• Rhymes: -aʊ
• Homophone: bough

動詞

bow (三人称単数 現在形 bows, 現在分詞 bowing, 過去形および過去分詞形 bowed)

1. (intransitive) To bend oneself as a gesture of respect or deference.
   • 1900, L. Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

     The soldier now blew upon a green whistle, and at once a young girl, dressed in a pretty green silk gown, entered the room. She had lovely green hair and green eyes, and she bowed low before Dorothy as she said, "Follow me and I will show you your room."

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 4, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     I told him about everything I could think of; and what I couldn't think of he did. He asked about six questions during my yarn, but every question had a point to it. At the end he bowed and thanked me once more. As a thanker he was main-truck high; I never see anybody so polite.

   That singer always bows towards her audience for some reason.

2. (transitive and intransitive) To debut.
   • 2010 (publication date), Kara Krekeler, "Rebuilding the opera house", West End Word, volume 39, number 26, December 22, 2010 – January 11, 2011, page 1:

     SCP recently announced that How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical will bow on the newly renovated stage next December.

3. (intransitive) To defer (to something).

   I bow to your better judgement in the matter.

4. (transitive) To give a direction, indication, or command to by bowing.
   • 1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 7, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 124:

     Poirot rose gallantly, bowed her into the seat opposite him.

   • 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 302:

     He saw himself, in a smart suit and a songkok, bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes and Waldorfs and baring, under dark glasses, a hairy chest to a milder sun by a snakeless sea.

上位語

• (gesture): gesture; congee, congé, conge

派生語

関連する語

• buxom

名詞

bow (複数形 bows)

1. A gesture, usually showing respect, made by inclining the head or bending forward at the waist; a reverence

   He made a polite bow as he entered the room.

上位語

• (gesture): gesture; congee, congé, conge

語源 3

From Middle Dutch boech or Old Norse bógr, both from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰus (“arm”). Doublet of bough.

発音

• enPR: bou, IPA^(key): /baʊ/
• Rhymes: -aʊ
• Homophone: bough

名詞

The bow of a ship.

bow (複数形 bows)

1. (nautical) The front of a boat or ship.
   • 1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 6, in The Dust of Conflict‎^[1]:

     The night was considerably clearer than anybody on board her desired when the schooner Ventura headed for the land. It rose in places, black and sharp against the velvety indigo, over her dipping bow, though most of the low littoral was wrapped in obscurity.

2. (rowing) The rower that sits in the seat closest to the bow of the boat.

同意語

• (of a ship): prow

反意語

• (of a ship): poop, stern

派生語

• bow rudder
• bow shock
• shot across the bow, shot across the bows

使用する際の注意点

• Often used in the plural, the ship being considered to have starboard and port bows, meeting at the stern.

名詞

bow (複数形 bows)

1. (obsolete) Alternative spelling of bough
   • 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene i], page 17:

     Ariell:

     Where the Bee ſucks, there ſuck I,

     In a Cowslips bell, I lie,

     There I cowch when Owles doe crie,

     On the Batts backe I doe flie

       after Sommer merrily.

     Merrily, merrily, ſhall I liue now

     Vnder the bloſſom that hangs on the Bow.

参考

• coll'arco
• curtsy
• kowtow
• Wikipedia article on bows (weapons)
• Wikipedia article on bows used to play string instruments
• Wikipedia article on bows (the knots)
• Wikipedia article on musical bows
• Wikipedia article on bows, the gestures of respect
• Wikipedia article on the bows of ships
• Bow in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• WBO