authorityとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English auctorite, autorite (“authority, book または quotation that settles an argument”), from Old French auctorité, from Latin stem of auctōritās (“invention, advice, opinion, influence, command”), from auctor (“master, leader, author”). For the presence of the h, compare the etymology of author.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ɔːˈθɒɹəti/, /ɔːˈθɒɹɪti/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /əˈθɔɹəti/, /əˈθɑɹəti/
• (廃れた用法) IPA^(key): /ɒːˈtɒɹɪti/
• ハイフネーション: au‧thor‧i‧ty
• 韻: -ɒɹɪti

名詞

authority (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 authorities)

1. (uncountable) The power to enforce rules or give orders.

   I have the authority to penalise the staff in my department, but not the authority to sack them.

   She lost all her respect and authority after turning up drunk to the meeting.

   Respect my authority!

   • 1883, Howard Pyle, The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood Chapter V

     But in the meantime Robin Hood and his band lived quietly in Sherwood Forest, without showing their faces abroad, for Robin knew that it would not be wise for him to be seen in the neighborhood of Nottingham, those in authority being very wroth with him.

2. (used in 単数形 または 複数形 form) Persons in command; specifically, government.
   • 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:

     The case was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff.

   • 2013 August 10, “Legal highs: A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.

3. (countable) A person accepted as a source of reliable information on a subject.

   the world's foremost authority on orangutans

   • 1930 September 18, Albert Einstein, as quoted in Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel (1988) by Banesh Hoffman

     To punish me for my contempt of authority, Fate has made me an authority myself.

4. Government-owned agency which runs a revenue-generating activity.

   New York Port Authority

派生語

関連する語

参考

• have something on good authority

参照

• authority at OneLook Dictionary Search
• authority in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• authority in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911