sovereignとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/
• 韻: -ɒvɹɪn, -ɑvɹɪn, -ɑvəɹɪn
• ハイフネーション: sov‧e‧reign

形容詞

sovereign (comparative more sovereign, superlative most sovereign)

1. Exercising power of rule.

   sovereign nation

2. Exceptional in quality.

   Her voice was her sovereign talent.

3. (now rare, pharmacology) Extremely potent or effective (of a medicine, remedy etc.).
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     The ſoueraigne weede betwixt two marbles plaine
     She pownded ſmall, and did in peeces bruze,
     And then atweene her lilly handes twaine,
     Into his wound the iuyce thereof did ſcruze […]

   • 1876, John Davies, “[Tobacco.]”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Complete Poems of Sir John Davies. Edited, with Memorial-Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. Alexander B. Grosart. In Two Volumes (Early English Poets), volume II, London: Chatto and Windus, Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 226:

     Homer of Moly and Nepenthe singes:
     Moly, the gods most soveraigne hearbe divine.
     Nepenth Hellen's drink, which gladnes brings,—
     Hart's greife repells, and doth y^e witts refine.

   • 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     a sovereign remedy

   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), 6th edition, London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, →OCLC:

     Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the regulation of the lives and actions of men.

   • 1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 3, page 297:

     In Spain people still bathe in the sea or roll naked in the dew of the meadows on St. John’s Eve, believing that this is a sovereign preservative against diseases of the skin.

4. Having supreme, ultimate power.

   Gentlemen, may I introduce Her Royal Highness, the Sovereign and Most Imperial Majesty, Empress Elizabeth of Vicron.

   • 1972, Brian Potter, Dennis Lambert (lyrics かつ music), “Keeper of the Castle”, performed by The Four Tops:

     You're the keeper of the castle
     So be a father to your children
     The provider of all their daily needs
     Like a sovereign Lord protector
     Be their destiny's director
     And they'll do well to follow where you lead.

5. Princely; royal.
   • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     You pity not the state, nor the remembrance of his most sovereign name.

6. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.
   • 1594–1597, Richard Hooker, J[ohn] S[penser], editor, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.

同意語

• autonomous
• supreme

派生語

• sovereignly
• sovereign citizen
• sovereign state

名詞

sovereign (複数形 sovereigns)

1. A monarch; the ruler of a country.
   • 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto)‎^[1], London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC:

     The petty ſtreames that paie a dailie det
     To their ſalt ſoveraigne with their freſh fals haſt,
     Adde to his flowe, but alter not his taſt.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 242-249:

     Is this the Region, this the Soil, the Clime,
     Said then the lost Archangel, this the seat
     That we must change for Heaven?, this mournful gloom
     For that celestial light? Be it so, since hee
     Who now is Sovran can dispose and bid
     What shall be right : fardest from him is best
     Whom reason hath equald, force hath made supream
     Above his equals. […]

   • 1785, Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia

     No question is to be made but that the bed of the Missisippi^[sic] belongs to the sovereign, that is, to the nation.

2. One who is not a subject to a ruler or nation.
   1. Short for sovereign citizen.
3. A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.
4. A former Australian gold coin, minted from 1855–1931, of one pound value.
5. A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 25 liters, equivalent to 33+¹⁄₃ standard bottles.
6. Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalini, or genus Basilarchia, as the ursula and the viceroy.
7. (UK, slang) A large, garish ring; a sovereign ring.
   • 2004, December 11, "Birkenhead, Merseyside" BBC Voices recording (0:06:52)

     No, someone who wears loads of sovereigns as well loads of gold and has uh a curly perm and peroxide blonde hair, orange, orange sunbed skin and a fringe like this blow-dried to death, that’s a ‘scally’.

   • 2011 July 1, Caroline Davies, “Harrods 'ladies' code' drives out sales assistant”, in The Guardian‎^[2]:

     No visible tattoos, sovereigns, mismatched jewellery, scrunchies, large clips or hoop earrings.

下位語

• (monarch): king, queen

派生語

• sovereignty

派生した語

• → Irish: sabhran
• → Russian: соверен (soveren)
• → Scottish Gaelic: sòbharan
• → Welsh: sofren

参考

• half sovereign

動詞

sovereign (三人称単数 現在形 sovereigns, 現在分詞 sovereigning, 過去形および過去分詞形 sovereigned)

1. (transitive) To rule over as a sovereign.

アナグラム

• Rovignese, virogenes