superとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From super- (prefix), from Middle English super-, from Latin super-, from super (“above”), from Pre-Italic or Proto-Indo-European *eks-uper, from *eḱs (“out of”) (English ex-), from *h₁eǵʰs + *uperi (English over). Cognate to hyper, from Ancient Greek.

形容詞

super (not comparable)

1. Of excellent quality, superfine.
2. better than average, better than usual; wonderful.

同意語

• (better): awesome, excellent

派生語

• super-duper

関連する語

• super-

副詞

super (not comparable)

1. (informal) Very; extremely (used like the prefix super-).

   The party was super awesome.

   • 1992 March 14, The Canberra Times, page 9, column 2:

     The job is super interesting for a person who enjoys a hardware environment and communicating with people.

語源 2

Abbreviation by shortening.

名詞

super (複数形 supers)

1. (Australia, New Zealand, informal) Short for superannuation.

   Jane looked forward to collecting a large super payout when she retired.

2. Short for supercomputer.
   • 1989, Kai Hwang, Doug DeGroot, Parallel processing for supercomputers and artificial intelligence

     The performances and cost ranges of three classes of commercial supercomputers are given in Table 2.1. The full-scale supers are the most expensive class, represented by Cray, ETA, and Fujitsu systems, for example.

3. (comics, slang) Short for superhero.
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.
4. (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
   • 1983, Sue Hubbell, A Country Year: Living the Questions, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 69:

     There may be thirty to fifty supers in every outyard, and we have only about half an hour to get them off the hives, stacked and covered before the bees get really cross about what we are doing.

5. (informal, US) Short for superintendent, especially, a building's resident manager (sometimes clarified as “building super”).
6. (neologism) Short for supernaturalist, especially as distinguished from bright.
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.
7. Short for supernumerary; (theater) specifically, a supernumerary actor.
   • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Affair at the Novelty Theatre‎^[1]:

     For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.

   • 1916, Ring W. Lardner, “Three Kings and a Pair”, in The Saturday Evening Post‎^[2]:

     The piece was gave by a bunch o’ supers the time I went. I’d like to see it with a real cast. They say it’s a whiz when it’s acted right.

8. Short for supertanker.
   • 1973, Jeffrey Potter, Disaster by Oil (page 46)

     That is a lot of ship, about the size of big tankers before they grew so rapidly to become supers, mammoths and oilbergs.

9. Short for supervisor.

動詞

super (三人称単数 現在形 supers, 現在分詞 supering, 過去形および過去分詞形 supered)

1. (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
   • 1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 73:

     The question is: when is the best time to super?

2. (television) Short for superimpose.
   • 1987, Television Quarterly (volumes 23-24)

     Even running a supered "Re-enactment" caption for a few seconds is poor policy, he feels […]

アナグラム

• Pre-Us, Purse, Rupes, puers, pures, purse, re-ups, reups, rupes, sprue

Latin

語源

From Proto-Italic *super, from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”). The latter is cognate to Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “above”) and Proto-Germanic *uber (English over).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.per/, [ˈs̠ʊpɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.per/, [ˈsuːpɛr]

前置詞

super (+ accusative, ablative)

1. accusative [of place] above, on the top of, upon

   Cibus super mensam est.

   The food is on the table.

2. accusative [of place] above, beyond
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:

     terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas

     And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.

3. accusative [of measure] above, beyond, over, in addition to
4. ablative concerning, regarding

使用する際の注意点

• Used in many compound words, see super-.

副詞

super (not comparable)

1. above, on top, over
2. upwards
3. moreover, in addition, besides

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.

反意語

• sub

派生語

派生した語

参照

• super in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• super in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• super in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen super ripas effunditur
    
• super in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

接頭辞

super-

1. above, over, or upon
2. superior in size, quality, number, degree, status, title, or position
3. inclusive
4. (physics) supersymmetry
5. (fiction) superhero

同意語

• supra-
• hyper-

反意語

• infra-
• sub-

派生語

関連する語

• super

Further reading

• “super-”, in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary, (Please provide a date または year).

アナグラム

• Pre-Us, Purse, Rupes, puers, pures, purse, re-ups, reups, rupes, sprue

Latin

語源

See super.

接頭辞

super-

1. super-; over, above

派生語