lieとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English lien, liggen, from 古期英語 liċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.

Cognate with West Frisian lizze, Dutch liggen, German liegen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ligge, Swedish ligga, Icelandic, Faroese and Norwegian Nynorsk liggja, Gothic ���������� (ligan); and with Latin lectus (“bed”), Irish luighe, Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ), Albanian lag (“troop, band, encampment”).

As a noun for position, the noun has the same etymology above as the verb.

動詞

lie (三人称単数 現在形 lies, 現在分詞 lying, 過去形 lay または laid, 過去分詞 lain または laid または lien) See usage notes.

2. (intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface.

   The book lies on the table;  the snow lies on the roof;  he lies in his coffin

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 68:13:

     Though ye haue lien among the pots, yet shall yee bee as the wings of a doue, couered with siluer, and her feathers with yellow gold.

   • 1660, [John] Dryden, Astraea Redux:

     The watchful traveller […] / Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes.

   • 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers:

     Our uninquiring corpses lie more low / Than our life's curiosity doth go.

   • 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:

     The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.

3. (intransitive) To be placed or situated.
   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:

     Hepaticology, outside the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere, still lies deep in the shadow cast by that ultimate "closet taxonomist," Franz Stephani—a ghost whose shadow falls over us all.

   • 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:

     From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.

4. (intransitive, copulative) To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition.

   to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hidden; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves

   The paper does not lie smooth on the wall.

5. Used with in: to be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist.
   • c. 1690, Of Envy:

     Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances.

   • 1693, [John Locke], “§2016”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:

     He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labour, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen.

6. Used with with: to have sexual relations with.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 39:7:

     And it came to passe after these things, that his masters wife cast her eyes vpon Ioseph, and shee said, Lie with me.

7. Used with on/upon: to be incumbent (on); to be the responsibility of a person.
8. (archaic) To lodge; to sleep.
   • 1632, John Evelyn, diary, entry 21 October 1632:

     While I was now trifling at home, I saw London, […] where I lay one night only.

   • 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 10, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:

     Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night.

9. To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest.
   • c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon,  […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     The Wind is lowd, and will not lie till the Ship be cleard of the dead.

10. (law) To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained.
    • 1737, lies%20in%20this%20case%22&f=false Cart against Marsh (legal case)

      An appeal lies in this case from the ordinary to the arches.

使用する際の注意点

See the usage notes at lay.

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

• lay, a corresponding transitive version of this word
• lees
• lier

名詞

lie (複数形 lies)

1. (golf) The terrain and conditions surrounding the ball before it is struck.
2. (disc golf) The terrain and conditions surrounding the disc before it is thrown.
3. (medicine) The position of a fetus in the womb.
4. A manner of lying; relative position.
5. An animal's lair.

派生語

{{col-auto|en|lie of the land|

語源 2

From Middle English lien (“to lie, tell a falsehood”), from 古期英語 lēogan (“to lie”), from Proto-West Germanic *leugan, from Proto-Germanic *leuganą (“to lie”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, swear, bemoan”).

Cognate with West Frisian lige (“to lie”), Low German legen, lögen (“to lie”), Dutch liegen (“to lie”), German lügen (“to lie”), Norwegian ljuge/lyge (“to lie”), Danish lyve (“to lie”), Swedish ljuga (“to lie”), and more distantly with Bulgarian лъжа (lǎža, “to lie”), Russian лгать (lgatʹ, “to lie”), ложь (ložʹ, “falsehood”).

動詞

lie (三人称単数 現在形 lies, 現在分詞 lying, 過去形および過去分詞形 lied)

2. (intransitive) To give false information intentionally with intent to deceive.

   When Pinocchio lies, his nose grows.

   If you are found to have lied in court, you could face a penalty.

   While a principle-based approach might claim that lying is always morally wrong, the casuist would argue that, depending upon the details of the case, lying might or might not be illegal or unethical. The casuist might conclude that a person is wrong to lie in legal testimony under oath, but might argue that lying actually is the best moral choice if the lie saves a life.

3. (intransitive) To convey a false image or impression.

   Photographs often lie.

4. (intransitive, colloquial) To be mistaken or unintentionally spread false information.

   Sorry, I haven't seen your keys anywhere...wait, I lied! They're right there on the coffee table.

Conjugation

同意語

派生語

語源 3

From Middle English lie, from 古期英語 lyġe (“lie, falsehood”), from Proto-Germanic *lugiz (“lie, falsehood”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to tell lies, swear, complain”). Cognate with Old Saxon luggi (“a lie”), Old High German lugī, lugin (“a lie”) (German Lüge), Danish løgn (“a lie”), Bulgarian лъжа́ (lǎžá, “а lie”), Russian ложь (ložʹ, “а lie”).

名詞

lie (複数形 lies)

1. An intentionally false statement; an intentional falsehood.

   Synonyms: alternative fact, bullshit, deception, falsehood, fib, leasing, prevarication; see also Thesaurus:lie

   Antonym: truth

   I knew he was telling a lie by his facial expression.

2. A statement intended to deceive, even if literally true.

   Synonym: half-truth

3. (by extension) Anything that misleads or disappoints.
   • 1835, Richard Chenevix Trench, the Story of Justin Martyr:

     Wishing this lie of life was o'er.

   • 2007, Erik Wolpaw and Chet Faliszek, Portal:

     The cake is a lie.

派生語

Further reading

• lie on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• %ile, -ile, EIL, Eli, Ile, Lei, Lei., ile, lei