stillとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English stille (“motionless, stationary”), from 古期英語 stille (“still, quiet, calm; without motion, at rest, not moving from a place, not disturbed; moving little または gently; silent; not loud; secret; unchanging, undisturbed, stable, fixed; not vehement, gentle”), from Proto-West Germanic *stillī (“quiet, still”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)telH- (“to be silent; to be still”). Cognate with Scots stil (“still”), Saterland Frisian stil (“motionless, calm, quiet”), West Frisian stil (“quiet, still”), Dutch stil (“quiet, silent, still”), Low German still (“quiet, still”), German still (“still, quiet, tranquil, silent”), Swedish stilla (“quiet, silent, peaceful”), Icelandic stilltur (“set, quiet, calm, still”). Related to stall.

(noun: Falkland Islander): Military slang, short for still a Benny, since the military had been instructed not to refer to the islanders by the derogatory term Benny (which see).

別の表記

• stil
• stille, styll, stylle (廃れた用法)

形容詞

still (comparative stiller または more still, superlative stillest または most still)

1. Not moving; calm.

   Sit there and stay still!

   Still waters run deep.

2. Not effervescing; not sparkling.

   still water; still wines

3. Uttering no sound; silent.
   • c. 1711, Joseph Addison, How are thy Servants blest, O Lord!

     The sea that roared at thy command, / At thy command was still.

4. (not comparable) Having the same stated quality continuously from a past time
   • 2007, January 3, “Gerry Geronimo”, in Unwanted weed starts to sprout from a wayward ponencia‎^[1]:

     To follow the still President’s marching orders, all that Secretary Ronnie Puno has to do is to follow the road map laid out by Justice Azcuna in his “separate” opinion.

5. Comparatively quiet or silent; soft; gentle; low.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 1 Kings 19:12:

     […] a still small voice.

6. (obsolete) Constant; continual.
   • c. 1588–1593, William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

     By still practice learn to know thy meaning.

同意語

• (not moving): fixed, stationary, unmoving, static, inert, stagnant; see also Thesaurus:stationary or Thesaurus:immobile
• (not effervescing): flat, uneffervescent; see also Thesaurus:noneffervescent
• (uttering no sound): noiseless, soundless; see also Thesaurus:silent
• (having the same stated quality):
• (comparatively quiet): hushed, tranquil; see also Thesaurus:quiet
• (constant, continual): incessant, ongoing, unremitting; see also Thesaurus:continuous

派生語

• still life
• stillness
• unstill

関連する語

• be still my heart
• be still my beating heart
• still waters run deep

副詞

still (not comparable)

1. Without motion.

   They stood still until the guard was out of sight.

2. (aspect) Up to a time, as in the preceding time.
   • 1631, [Francis Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] VVilliam Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], OCLC 1044372886:

     It hath been anciently reported, and is still received.

   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 15, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     Edward Churchill still attended to his work in a hopeless mechanical manner like a sleep-walker who walks safely on a well-known round. But his Roman collar galled him, his cossack stifled him, his biretta was as uncomfortable as a merry-andrew's cap and bells.

   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:

     Hepaticology, outside the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere, still lies deep in the shadow cast by that ultimate "closet taxonomist," Franz Stephani—a ghost whose shadow falls over us all.

   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎^[2], volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

   Is it still raining?   It was still raining five minutes ago.

   We've seen most of the sights, but we are still visiting the museum.

   I’m still not wise enough to answer that.

3. (degree) To an even greater degree. Used to modify comparative adjectives or adverbs.

   Tom is tall; Dick is taller; Harry is still taller.

   ("still" かつ "taller" can easily swap places here)

   • 1594, William Shakespeare, Lvcrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], OCLC 236076664:

     The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed.

4. (conjunctive) Nevertheless.

   I’m not hungry, but I’ll still manage to find room for dessert.

   Yeah, but still...

   • 1817, Thomas Moore, Lalla-Rookh

     As sunshine, broken in the rill, / Though turned astray, is sunshine still.

   • 2019 July 3, Mike D'Angelo, “Oscar Isaac and Ben Affleck blunder through a heavy heist in J.C. Chandor’s Triple Frontier”, in AV Club‎^[3]:

     Given the thorny intelligence of Chandor’s previous films (which also include Margin Call かつ A Most Violent Year), it’s hard to believe that he thought it was a good idea to play Fleetwood Mac’s “The Chain” over a sequence of Pope telling the others that he can’t do this job without them, or to accompany shots of the men running through the jungle with Creedence Clearwater Revival’s “Run Through The Jungle.” (Okay, they’re stealthily walking. But still.)

5. (archaic, poetic) Always; invariably; constantly; continuously.
   • 1609, Shakespeare, William, Troilus and Cressida, act 5 scnee=2, lines 201-202:

     Lechery, lechery, still wars and lechery; nothing else holds fashion.

   • 1712 January 2, Joseph Addison; Richard Steele, “SATURDAY, December 22, 1711 [Julian calendar]”, in The Spectator, number 255; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, OCLC 191120697:

     The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; he is still afraid lest any of his actions should be thrown away in private.

   • 1661, Robert Boyle, Unsucceeding Experiments

     Chemists would be rich if they could still do in great quantities what they have sometimes done in little.

6. (extensive) Even, yet.
   • 2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

     Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.

   Some dogs howl, more yelp, still more bark.

同意語

• (without motion): akinetically, motionlessly, stock still, stockishly
• (up to a time): yet
• (to an even greater degree): yet, even
• (nevertheless): nonetheless, though, yet; see also Thesaurus:nevertheless
• (always): consistently, invariably, uniformly; See also Thesaurus:uniformly
• (even, yet):

名詞

still (複数形 stills)

1. A period of calm or silence.
   • 1901, Good Words, volume 42, page 7:

     Between the roar of the thunder and the blatter of the rain there were intervals of an astounding still, of an ominous suspense […]

   • 1983 May, Adrian Smith; Bruce Dickinson (lyrics かつ music), “Flight of Icarus”, in Piece of Mind, performed by Iron Maiden:

     As the ground warms, to the first rays of light, / A birdsong shatters the still.

   the still of the night

2. (photography) A photograph, as opposed to movie footage.
3. (slang) A resident of the Falkland Islands.
4. A steep hill or ascent.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of W. Browne to this entry?)

同意語

• (period of calm): lull, rest, respite; quiet, tranquility
• (resident of the Falkland Islands): Benny, Falklander, Kelper

語源 2

Via Middle English [Term?], ultimately from Latin stilla.

名詞

still (複数形 stills)

1. A device for distilling liquids.
2. (catering) A large water boiler used to make tea and coffee.
3. (catering) The area in a restaurant used to make tea and coffee, separate from the main kitchen.
4. A building where liquors are distilled; a distillery.

参考

• pot still

語源 3

From 古期英語 stillan.

動詞

still (三人称単数 現在形 stills, 現在分詞 stilling, 過去形および過去分詞形 stilled)

1. To calm down, to quiet.

   to still the raging sea

   • 1695, Woodward, John, An essay toward a natural history of the earth and terrestrial bodies, especially minerals, page 139:

     They likewise believed that he, having a full Sway and Command over the Water, had Power to still and compose it, as well as to move and disturb it […]

   • c. 1591, Shakespeare, William, Henry VI, part 1, act 2, scene 3:

     Is this the scourge of France? / Is this the Talbot, so much fear'd abroad / That with his name the mothers still their babes?

   • 1850, Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Scarlet Letter:

     […] withholding myself from toil that would, at least, have stilled an unquiet impulse in me.

同意語

• becalm, lull, quell; see also Thesaurus:pacify

語源 4

Aphetic form of distil, or from Latin stillare.

動詞

still (三人称単数 現在形 stills, 現在分詞 stilling, 過去形および過去分詞形 stilled)

1. (obsolete) To trickle, drip.
   • 1590, Spenser, Edmund, The Faerie Queene, book III, canto ii, paragraph xxix:

     And if that any drop of slombring rest / Did chaunce to still into her wearie spright,

2. To cause to fall by drops.
3. To expel spirit from by heat, or to evaporate and condense in a refrigeratory; to distill.
   • 1557 February 13, Thomas Tusser, A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie., London: […] Richard Tottel, OCLC 1049068421; republished London: Reprinted for Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, OCLC 7109675:

     The knowledge of stilling is one pretty feat,
     The waters be wholesome, the charges not great

アナグラム

• Tills, lilts, tills