loveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: lŭv, IPA^(key): /lʌv/
  • (Received 発音) IPA^(key): [lʌv]
  • (General American) IPA^(key): [ɫʌv]
  • (General Australian) IPA^(key): [ɫäv~ɫɐv]
  • (India) IPA^(key): [lɘʋ], [lɘv]
  • (Northern England, Ireland) IPA^(key): /lʊv/
• 韻: -ʌv

語源 1

From Middle English love, luve, from 古期英語 lufu, from Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“love, care, desire”).

The close of a letter sense is presumably a truncation of With love or the like.

The verb is from Middle English loven, luvien, from 古期英語 lufian (“to love”), from Proto-West Germanic *lubōn (“to love”), derived from the noun.

Eclipsed non-native English amour (“love”), borrowed from French amour (“love”).

Cognates include Russian любовь (ljubovʹ), Polish lubić and Sanskrit लोभ (lobha, “desire, greed”).

名詞

love (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 loves)

1. (uncountable) A deep caring for the existence of another.
2. (uncountable) Strong affection.

   Antonyms: hate, hatred, angst, indifference

   1. A profound and caring affection towards someone.

      A mother’s love is not easily shaken.

      My husband’s love is the most important thing in my life.

      • 1674, John Milton, Paradise Lost:

        He on his side / Leaning half-raised, with looks of cordial love / Hung over her enamoured.

      • 2014, S. Hidden, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Mystical Perspectives on the Love of God, →ISBN:

   2. Affectionate, benevolent concern or care for other people or beings, and for their well-being.
      • 1864, Utilitarianism Explained and Exemplified in Moral and Political Government:

        The love of your neighbor as yourself, is expressly given as the definition and test of Charity,—not alms-giving—and this love is [...] the highest of all the Divine commands[.]

      • 1963, King, Jr., Martin Luther, “A Tough Mind and a Tender Heart”, in Strength to Love‎^[1], New York: Pocket Books, published 1964, →OCLC, page 7:

        Through nonviolent resistance we shall be able to oppose the unjust system and at the same time love the perpetrators of the system. We must work passionately and unrelentingly for full stature as citizens, but may it never be said, my friends, that to gain it we used the inferior methods of falsehood, malice, hate, and violence.

   3. A feeling of intense attraction towards someone.

      I have never been in love as much as I have with you.

      • 1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 39:

        Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

        The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.

   4. A deep or abiding liking for something; an enthusiasm for something.

      My love of cricket knows no bounds.

      • 2012, Philip Auerswald, The Coming Prosperity, →ISBN:

        For three decades, the average number of miles driven by US motorists increased steadily. Then, in 2007, that steady climb was suddenly halted. [...] What magic caused Americans to temper their longstanding love of the open road?

3. (countable) A person who is the object of romantic feelings; a darling, a sweetheart, a beloved.

   Synonyms: baby, darling, honey, lover, pet, sweetheart; see also Thesaurus:sweetheart

   • 1595, Edmund Spenser, Epithalamion

     Open the temple gates unto my love.

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     O love, dispatch all business, and be gone!

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     'Oh, my love, my love!' she murmured, 'wilt thou ever know how I have loved thee?' and she kissed him on the forehead, and then went and stood in the pathway of the flame of Life.

   • 1969, The Dubliners, Dirty Old Town:

     I met my love by the gasworks wall.

4. (colloquial, Commonwealth) A term of friendly address, regardless of feelings.

   Synonyms: mate, darling, lovey, sweetie, sweetheart

   Hello love, how can I help you?

5. A thing, activity, etc. which is the object of one's deep liking or enthusiasm.
   • 1997 March, “Faces of Today's Black Woman”, in Ebony, volume 52, number 5, page 96:

     But it wasn't until [Theresa M. Claiborne] went to ROTC training camp at the University of California at Berkeley that she discovered that flying was her first love. "Pilots talk about getting bit by the flying bug," she says. "I thought, This is heaven."

6. (euphemistic) Sexual desire; attachment based on sexual attraction.

   Synonyms: aphrodisia, carnality; see also Thesaurus:lust

   • 2013, Ronald Long, Men, Homosexuality, and the Gods, Routledge, →ISBN, page 3:

     The prospect that their cherished Greeks would have countenanced, much less honored, a love between men that expressed itself carnally, however, was not so easily assimilated.

7. (euphemistic) Sexual activity.

   Synonyms: lovemaking, sex; see also Thesaurus:copulation

   • 1986, Ben Elton & al., Blackadder II, "Bells":

     —What think you, my lord, of... love?

     —You mean ‘rumpy-pumpy’.

8. An instance or episode of being in love; a love affair.

   Synonym: romance

   • 2014, E. L. Todd, Then Came Absolution, →ISBN:

     Maybe it was just a summer love, something with no future.

9. Used as the closing, before the signature, of a letter, especially between good friends or family members, or by the young.
10. Alternative letter-case form of Love (“personification of love”).
    • c. 1810,, Samuel Johnson (in The Works of Samuel Johnson):

      At busy hearts in vain love's arrows fly; [...]

11. (obsolete) A thin silk material.
    • 1664, Robert Boyle, Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours, […] :

      Such a kind of transparency, as that of a Sive, a piece of Cyprus, or a Love-Hood.

12. A climbing plant, Clematis vitalba.

動詞

love (三人称単数 現在形 loves, 現在分詞 loving, 過去形および過去分詞形 loved)

1. (usually transitive, sometimes intransitive, stative) To have a strong affection for (someone または something).
   • 1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter VI, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, volume 1, New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, →OCLC:

     wanted to take her in my arms and tell her how I loved her, and had taken her hand from the rail and started to draw her toward me when Olson came blundering up on deck with his bedding.

   • 2013 February 26, Pink and Nate Ruess, Just Give Me a Reason:

     Just give me a reason, / just a little bit's enough, / just a second we're not broken, just bent / and we can learn to love again.

   I love my spouse.   I love you!   I love that song!

2. (transitive) To need, thrive on.

   Mold loves moist, dark places.

3. (transitive) To be strongly inclined towards something; an emphatic form of like.

   I love walking barefoot on wet grass;  I'd love to join the team;  I love what you've done with your hair

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     "I love not that underlings should perceive my wisdom."

4. (usually transitive, sometimes intransitive) To care deeply about, to be dedicated to (someone または something).
   • John 3:16

     For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.

   • Matthew: 22:37-38

     You shall love the Lord your God with your whole heart, and your whole mind, and your whole soul; you shall love your neighbor as yourself.

   • 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 27:

     The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […] offering services that let you […] "share the things you love with the world" and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.

5. (transitive) To derive delight from a fact or situation.

   I love the fact that the coffee shop now offers fat-free chai latte.

6. (transitive, euphemistic) To have sex with (perhaps from make love).

   I wish I could love her all night long.

Conjugation

同意語

• (have a strong affection for): adore, cherish; see also Thesaurus:love
• (have sexual intercourse with): enjoy, go to bed with, sleep with; see also Thesaurus:copulate with

反意語

• hate, despise, fear

派生語

関連する語

参考

• charity

語源 2

Now widely believed (due to historical written record) to be from the idea that when one does a thing “for love”, that is for no monetary gain, the word “love” implying "nothing".

The former assumption that it had originated from French l’œuf (字義どおりに “the egg”), due to its shape, has largely been discredited and is no longer widely accepted.

Needless to say, the apparent similarity of the shape of an egg to a zero has inspired similar analogies, such as the use of duck (reputed to be short for duck's egg) for a zero score at cricket, and goose egg for "zero".

名詞

love (uncountable)

1. (racquet sports, billiards) Zero, no score.

   So that’s fifteen-love to Kournikova.

   • 2013, Paul McNamee, Game Changer: My Tennis Life

     The next day Agassi came back from two sets to love down to beat Courier in five sets.

2. Nothing; no recompense.
   • 1916, H. Rider Haggard, The Ivory Child:

     I fought the white man for less than sixpence. I fought him for love, which is nothing at all.

動詞

love (三人称単数 現在形 loves, 現在分詞 loving, 過去形および過去分詞形 loved)

1. Alternative form of lofe (“to praise, sell”)

参照

• love at OneLook Dictionary Search
• love in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “love”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• levo, levo-, velo-, vole, voël