fanとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Handheld fans.

An electrical fan.

A ceiling fan.

From Middle English fan, from 古期英語 fann (“a winnowing, fan”), from Latin vannus (“fan for winnowing grain”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”). Cognate with Latin ventus (“wind”), Dutch wan (“fan”), German Wanne (“winnowing basket”), Swedish vanna (“a fan for winnowing”), 古期英語 windwian (“to fan, winnow”). More at winnow.

名詞

fan (複数形 fans)

1. A hand-held device consisting of concertinaed material, or slats of material, gathered together at one end, that may be opened out into the shape of a sector of a circle and waved back and forth in order to move air towards oneself and cool oneself.
3. An electrical or mechanical device for moving air, used for cooling people, machinery, etc.
4. The action of fanning; agitation of the air.
   • 1998, Brock Thoene; Bodie Thoene, A New Frontier: Saga of the Sierras, page 181:

     "If I cannot be of service, then I certainly don't wish to impose," said McGinty, with a quick fan of breeze that indicated a sweeping bow.

5. Anything resembling a hand-held fan in shape, e.g., a peacock’s tail.
6. An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 30:24:

     The oxen likewise and the yong asses that eare the ground, shall eate cleane prouender which hath bene winnowed with the shouell and with the fanne.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 3:12:

     Whose fanne is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floore, and gather his wheat into the garner: but wil burne vp the chaffe with vnquenchable fire.

7. A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of a smock mill always in the direction of the wind.
8. (mathematics) A section of a tree having a finite number of branches

派生語

動詞

fan (三人称単数 現在形 fans, 現在分詞 fanning, 過去形および過去分詞形 fanned)

1. (transitive) To blow air on (something) by means of a fan (hand-held, mechanical または electrical) or otherwise.

   We enjoyed standing at the edge of the cliff, being fanned by the wind.

   • 1865, Lewis Carroll, “The Pool of Tears”, in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, London: MacMillan and Co., published 1866, page 19:

     Alice took up the fan and gloves, and, as the hall was very hot, she kept fanning herself all the time she went on talking.

2. (transitive) To slap (a behind, especially).
   • 1934, Rex Stout, Fer-de-Lance, Bantam, published 1992, →ISBN, page 148:

     Part of it was that as much as I respected filial devotion and as much as I liked Sarah Barstow, it would have been a real satisfaction to put her across my knees and pull up her skirts and giver^[sic] her a swell fanning, for not taking a look at that driver.

3. (intransitive, usually to fan out) To move or spread in multiple directions from one point, in the shape of a hand-held fan.
4. (transitive) To dispel by waving a hand-held fan.

   I attempted to fan the disagreeable odour out of the room.

5. (firearms, transitive) To perform a maneuver that involves flicking the top rear of an old-style gun.
   • 2011, Hans-Christoan Vortisch, GURPS Tactical Shooting, page 14:

     To fan a single action revolver, hold down the trigger and strike the hammer repeatedly with a free hand.

6. (metaphoric) To invigorate, like flames when fanned.
   • 1923, Arthur Symons, Love's Cruelty, page 43:

     She comes, to fan my ardour, She kills me with her kisses.

7. To winnow grain.
   • 1856, Lelièvre, François Réal Angers, Lower Canada reports:

     By the first article, these fanning mills were appointed to be sent to the proprietors of the mills of Sault-à-la puce, Petit-Pré, Beauport, Pointe de Lévy, St. Nicolas and Ste. Famille in the isle of Orleans " to have all the wheat in general of whatever quality sent to these mills passed and fanned, before converting them into flour."

8. (rail transport, transitive) To apply (the air brake) many times in rapid succession.

   Fanning the brakes results in the gradual depletion of the pressure in the cars' brake reservoirs, which can eventually cause a loss of all braking.

9. (baseball, intransitive) To strike out.
10. (baseball, transitive) To strike out (a batter).

派生語

関連する語

• (to firing a revolver by holding trigger かつ hitting hammer) thumbing

語源 2

Football/soccer fans in Argentina.

Star Trek fans in the United States.

Rolling Stones fans in Norway.

A group of Beatles fans imitating the way that the band members were crossing the street at the cover of LP Abbey Road.

Clipping of fanatic, originally in US baseball slang. Possibly influenced by fancy (“group of sport または hobby enthusiasts”), i.e. fancy boy (“fan”).

名詞

fan (複数形 fans または fen)

2. A person who is fond of something or someone, especially an admirer of a performer or aficionado of a sport.

   I am a big fan of libraries.

使用する際の注意点

The plural fen is only used within science fiction fandom. See fen, etymology 3, for more information.

同意語

• See Thesaurus:fan

反意語

• anti-fan
• hater

下位語

• See Category:en:Fans (people), for names of different fans or members of fan subcultures.

派生語

派生した語

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “fan”, in Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 1 January 2017: “1889, American English, originally of baseball enthusiasts, probably a shortening of fanatic, but it may be influenced by the fancy, a collective term for followers of a certain hobby or sport (especially boxing)”.

参考

アナグラム

• AFN, ANF, FNA, NAF, NFA