preventとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English preventen (“anticipate”), from Latin praeventus, perfect passive participle of praeveniō (“I anticipate”), from prae (“before”) + veniō (“I come”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /pɹɪˈvɛnt/
• (weak vowel merger) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈvɛnt/
• 韻: -ɛnt
• ハイフネーション: pre‧vent

動詞

prevent (三人称単数 現在形 prevents, 現在分詞 preventing, 過去形および過去分詞形 prevented)

1. (transitive) To stop (an outcome); to keep from (doing something). [from 16th c.]

   I brush my teeth regularly to prevent tooth decay.

   • 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Scotland must now hope Georgia produce a huge upset and beat Argentina by at least eight points in Sunday's final Pool B match to prevent them failing to make the last eight for the first time in World Cup history.

2. (intransitive, now rare) To take preventative measures. [from 16th c.]
   • 1897 October 16, Henry James, What Maisie Knew, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Herbert S. Stone & Co., →OCLC:

     I think you must be mad, and she shall not have a glimpse of it while I'm here to prevent!

3. (obsolete, transitive) To come before; to precede. [16th–18th c.]
   • 1549 March 7​, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC:

     We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Thessalonians 4:15:

     We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.

   • 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, book II (Pleasure), page 448:

     Then had I come, preventing Sheba's Queen, / To ſee the comelieſt of the Sons of Men; […]

4. (obsolete, transitive) To outdo, surpass. [16th–17th c.]
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC:

     With that he put his spurres vnto his steed, / With speare in rest, and toward him did fare, / Like shaft out of a bow preuenting speed.

5. (obsolete, transitive) To be beforehand with; to anticipate.
   • c. 1699 – 1703, Alexander Pope, “The First Book of Statius His Thebais”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:

     their ready guilt preventing thy commands

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:hinder

派生語

• prevent defense
• preventative
• prevention
• preventive

参照

• prevent at OneLook Dictionary Search