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意味・対訳 (意識的または意図的に)避ける、よける、回避する、避ける、(…を)無効にする
avoidの |
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ハイパー英語辞書での「avoid」の意味 |
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avoid
用例 | The name was changed to avoid confusion with another firm. |
印欧語根 | ||
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eghs | 外に、外への意味を表す印欧語根。接頭辞ex-(effort, except, expectなど)の由来として「…の外へ」「…から離れて」の意。接頭辞extra-(extraditeなど)の由来として「外側に」の意。他の重要な派生語は、alert, exotic, sample, strangeなど。 | |
eu- | 不足していること、空になっていることを表す(want, voidなど)。 |
接尾辞 | ||
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-able | 動詞、名詞などについて「…できる」の意の形容詞を造る |
途中遷移語 | ||
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vaca^re | ラテン語 | 空になること |
科学技術論文動詞集での「avoid」の意味 |
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日本語WordNet(英和)での「avoid」の意味 |
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avoid
Wiktionary英語版での「avoid」の意味 |
avoid
語源
From Middle English avoiden, from Anglo-Norman avoider, Old French esvuidier (“to empty out”), from es- + vuidier, from Vulgar Latin *vocitāre < *vocitus < *vocivus, ultimately related to Latin vacuus. Displaced native 古期英語 forbūgan (字義どおりに “to bend away from”).
動詞
avoid (三人称単数 現在形 avoids, 現在分詞 avoiding, 過去形および過去分詞形 avoided)
- (transitive) To try not to meet or communicate with (a person); to shun
- (transitive) To try not to be hit; to give way
- to keep away from; to keep clear of; to stay away from
- I try to avoid the company of gamblers.
- 1637, John Milton, Comus, London: Humphrey Robinson, p. 13,[1]
- 1848, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, Volume 3, Chapter 13, p. 309,[2]
- 2012 June 19, Phil McNulty, “England 1-0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport:
- England could have met world and European champions Spain but that eventuality was avoided by Sweden's 2-0 win against France, and Rooney's first goal in a major tournament since scoring twice in the 4-2 victory over Croatia in Lisbon at Euro 2004.
- To try not to do something or to have something happen
- 1953, James Baldwin, Go Tell It on the Mountain (A Laurel Book), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Co., published December 1985, →ISBN, part 1 (The Seventh Day), page 20:
- Then he realized, by the immobility of the other children and by the way they avoided looking at him, that it was he who was selected for punishment.
- (transitive, obsolete) To make empty; to clear.
- (transitive, now law) To make void, to annul; to refute (especially a contract).
- (transitive, law) To defeat or evade; to invalidate.
- 1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Dublin: John Exshaw et al., 4th edition, 1771, Volume 3, Chapter 20, p. 310,[5]
- […] in an action for trespassing upon land whereof the plaintiff is seised, if the defendant shews a title to the land by descent, and that therefore he had a right to enter, and gives colour to the plaintiff, the plaintiff may either traverse and totally deny the fact of the descent; or he may confess and avoid it, by replying, that true it is that such descent happened, but that since the descent the defendant himself demised the lands to the plaintiff for term of life.
- 1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Dublin: John Exshaw et al., 4th edition, 1771, Volume 3, Chapter 20, p. 310,[5]
- (transitive, obsolete) To emit or throw out; to void.
- 1577, Richard Eden (translator), The History of Trauayle in the West and East Indies [De Orbo Novo, Decades 1-3] by Peter Martyr d’Anghiera, London, “Of the ordinary nauigation from Spayne to the west Indies,” p. 224b,[6]
- 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, London: E. Dod, Book 3, Chapter 13, p. 136,[7]
- (transitive, obsolete) To leave, evacuate; to leave as empty, to withdraw or come away from.
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book X:
- 1565, Thomas Stapleton (translator), The History of the Church of Englande. Compiled by Venerable Bede, Englishman, Antwerp, Book 5, Chapter 20, pp. 178b-179,[8]
- 1587, Raphael Holinshed et al., The First and Second Volumes of Chronicles, “Henrie the third,” p. 202,[9]
- 1627, Francis Bacon, New Atlantis, London, c. 1658, p. 7,[10]
- (transitive, obsolete) To get rid of.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To retire; to withdraw, depart, go away.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To become void or vacant.
使用する際の注意点
- This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund (-ing). See Appendix:English catenative verbs
同意語
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