voidとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English voide, voyde, from Old French vuit, voide, vuide (modern vide), in turn from a Vulgar Latin *vocitus, related to Latin vacuus (“empty”).

形容詞

void (not comparable)

1. Containing nothing; empty; not occupied or filled.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 1:2, column 1:

     And the earth was without forme, and voyd, and darkeneſſe was vpon the face of the deepe: and the Spirit of God mooued vpon the face of the waters.

   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iv]:

     I'll get me to a place more void.

   • c. 1619–22, Philip Massinger and John Fletcher, A Very Woman

     I'll chain him in my study, that, at void hours, / I may run over the story of his country.

2. Having no incumbent; unoccupied; said of offices etc.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], Apophthegmes New and Old. […], London: […] Hanna Barret, and Richard Whittaker, […], OCLC 771110810:

     divers great offices that had been long void

3. Being without; destitute; devoid.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:

     Suppoſe they be in number infinit,
     Yet being voyd of Martiall diſcipline,
     All running headlong after greedie ſpoiles: […]
     Their careleſſe ſwords ſhal lanch their fellows throats
     And make vs triumph in their ouerthrow.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Proverbs 11:12:

     He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbor.

4. Not producing any effect; ineffectual; vain.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Isaiah 55:11:

     [My word] shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Jeremy 19:7:

     I will make void the counsel of Judah.

5. Of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification.

   null and void

   • 2022 September 21, Pollard, Martin; Ben Blanchard, “China willing to make utmost effort for peaceful 'reunification' with Taiwan”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters‎^[1], archived from the original on 21 September 2022, Asia Pacific‎^[2]:

     Taiwan's government says that as the island has never been ruled by the People's Republic of China, its sovereignty claims are void.

6. Containing no immaterial quality; destitute of mind or soul.
   • 1728, Pope, Alexander, “Book II”, in The Dunciad; republished in The Complete Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1902, page 231:

     And senseless words she gave, and sounding strain, / But senseless, lifeless! idol void and vain!

7. (computing, programming, of a function または method) That does not return a value; a procedure.
   • 2005, Craig Larman, Applying UML and patterns:

     In particular, the roll method is void — it has no return value.

   • 2007, Andrew Krause, Foundations of GTK+ Development:

     The return value can safely be ignored if it is a void function.

名詞

void (複数形 voids)

1. An empty space; a vacuum.

   Nobody has crossed the void since one man died trying three hundred years ago; it's high time we had another go.

   • 1711, Pope, Alexander, “Part II”, in An Essay on Criticism, lines 9–10; republished in The Complete Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1902, page 70:

     Pride, where Wit fails, steps in to our defence, / And fills up all the mighty void of Sense.

2. (astronomy) An extended region of space containing no galaxies.
3. (materials science) A collection of adjacent vacancies inside a crystal lattice.
4. (fluid mechanics) A pocket of vapour inside a fluid flow, created by cavitation.
5. (construction) An empty space between floors or walls, including false separations and planned gaps between a building and its facade.
6. (Internet, humorous) A black cat.

   My little void is so sweet sometimes.

7. An empty place; A location that has nothing useful.
   • 2022 December 14, Paul Stephen, “HS2's Dorothy starts to dig second tunnel bore”, in RAIL, number 972, page 23:

     From the logistics hub, the spoil will be taken by rail to Barrington in Cambridgeshire, Cliffe in Kent, and Rugby in Warwickshire. It will be used to fill voids at these locations which will then be used for housing developments.

同意語

• ((engineering) collection of vacancies): pore
• ((engineering) pocket of vapour in fluid): bubble

下位語

• ((astronomy) An extended region of space containing no galaxies): Local Void

派生語

• void coefficient

動詞

void (三人称単数 現在形 voids, 現在分詞 voiding, 過去形および過去分詞形 voided)

1. (transitive) To make invalid or worthless.

   He voided the check and returned it.

   • 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, OCLC 937919305:

     It was become a practice […] to void the security that was at any time given for money so borrowed.

   • 1724, [Gilbert] Burnet, [Gilbert Burnet Jr.], editor, Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: […] Thomas Ward […], OCLC 863504080:

     after they had voided the obligation of the oath he had taken

2. (transitive, medicine) To empty.

   void one’s bowels

3. To throw or send out; to evacuate; to emit; to discharge.

   to void excrement

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     You, that did void your rheum upon my beard, And foot me as you spurn a stranger cur

   • 1612, John Webster, The White Devil

     With shovel, like a fury, voided out / The earth and scattered bones.

   • a. 1692, Isaac Barrow, The Danger and Mischief of Delaying Repentance

     a watchful application of mind in voiding prejudices

4. (intransitive, obsolete) To withdraw, depart.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xvj”, in Le Morte Darthur, book I:

     BY than come in to the feld kynge Ban as fyers as a lyon […] / Ha a said kyng Lot we must be discomfyte / for yonder I see the moste valyaunt knyght of the world / and the man of the most renoume / for suche ij bretheren as is kyng Ban & kyng bors ar not lyuynge / wherfore we must nedes voyde or deye

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

5. (transitive, obsolete) To remove the contents of; to make or leave vacant or empty; to quit; to leave.

   to void a table

   • 1394, Chaucer, “v. 1149”, in The Franklin's Tale‎^[3]:

     Somtyme a castel, al of lym and stoon; And whan hem lyked, voyded it anon.

   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     If they will fight with us, bid them come down, / Or void the field.

同意語

• (make invalid または worthless): annul, cancel
• ((medicine) to empty): evacuate

語源 2

Alteration of voidee.

名詞

void (複数形 voids)

1. (now rare, historical) A voidee. [from 15th c.]
   • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin 2012, p. 68:

     Late on the final evening, as the customary ‘void’ – spiced wine and sweetmeats – was served, more elaborate disguisings in the great hall culminated in the release of a flock of white doves.

アナグラム

• Ovid, divo